Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways in adult colorectal surgery are known to reduce complications, readmissions, and length of stay (LOS). However, there is a paucity of ERAS data for pediatric colorectal surgery.
 
  A 2014-2018 single-institution, retrospective cohort study was performed on pediatric colorectal surgery patients (2-18 years) pre- and post-ERAS pathway implementation. Bivariate analysis and linear regression were used to determine if ERAS pathway implementation reduced total morphine milligram equivalents per kilogram (MME/kg), LOS, and time to oral intake.
 
  98 (70.5%) and 41 (29.5%) patients were managed with ERAS and non-ERAS pathways, respectively. There was no statistical difference in age, sex, diagnosis, or use of laparoscopic technique between cohorts. The ERAS cohort experienced a significant reduction in total MME/kg, Foley duration, time to oral intake, and LOS with no increase in complications. The presence of an ERAS pathway reduced the total MME/kg (-0.071, 95% CI -0.10, -0.043) when controlling for covariates.
 
  The use of an ERAS pathway reduces opioid utilization, which is associated with a reduction in LOS and expedites the initiation of oral intake, in colorectal pediatric surgery patients. Pediatric ERAS pathways should be incorporated into the care of pediatric patients undergoing colorectal surgery.
 
  Level III evidence.
 
  Retrospective cohort study.
 Retrospective cohort study.
  The objective of our study was to identify rates of readmission and late mortality in pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients after discharge from their ECMO hospitalization.
 
  We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of children who were discharged after ECMO. Data were obtained from the State Inpatient Databases for 10 states. Time-to-event analyses were used to estimate the risk of readmission and to identify factors predictive of readmission and late mortality, including characteristics of initial hospital course and ECMO center volume.
 
  A total of 1603 pediatric ECMO patients were identified, and 42.4% of these patients died prior to discharge. Of the 924 ECMO survivors, 35.6% had an unplanned readmission, and 3% died during readmission within 1 year. The risk of readmission was significantly related to the indication for ECMO, number of complex chronic conditions, transfer status, and discharge destination (all p<0.05). The risk of late mortality was significantly related to health insurance, transfer status, number of complex chronic conditions, and indication for ECMO (all p<0.05).
 
  Pediatric ECMO survivors have a high risk of hospital readmission with approximately 3% mortality during readmissions within 1 year of initial discharge.
 
  Retrospective Cohort Study LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
 Retrospective Cohort Study LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
  Undernutrition contributes to nearly 50% of all child deaths in the world, yet there is conflicting evidence regarding the association between nutritional status and postoperative complications. The aim was to describe the preoperative nutritional status among pediatric surgery patients in Zimbabwe, and to assess if nutritional status was a risk factor for adverse postoperative outcome of mortality, surgical site infection, reoperation, readmission, and longer length of stay.
 
  This prospective observational cohort study included 136 children undergoing surgery at a tertiary pediatric hospital in Zimbabwe. Nutritional status was standardized using Z-scores for BMI, length, weight, and middle upper arm circumference. Primary outcomes after 30 days included mortality, surgical site infection, reoperation, and readmission. Secondary outcome was length of stay. Univariate and multivariable analyses with logistic regression were performed.
 
  Of the 136 patients, 31% were undernourished. Postoperative adverse outment study.Significant cellular morphology changes in renal tubules were observed in diabetes patients and animal models. However, the interaction between insulin and tubular epithelial cells microvillar structure remains obscure. To understand microvillar dynamics, we used Scanning Ion Conductance Microscope to visualize microvillar in the living cell. Here, we found two layers of microvilli on the tubular epithelial cell surface short compact microvilli and netlike long microvilli. Insulin treatment could increase microvilli length and density. This process was mediated by the PI3K/PLCγ signaling pathway, other than the PI3K/Arp2/3 signal pathway. In conclusion, our findings present a novel insulin signaling transduction mechanism, which contributes to understanding renal tubular epithelial cell microvilli dynamic regulation.Virosomes as membranous vesicles with viral fusion protein in their membrane are versatile vehicles for cargo delivery. The vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) is a common fusogenic protein used in virosome preparation. This glycoprotein has been used in liposomal systems so far, but in this study, we have tried to use the niosomal form instead of liposome for. Niosomes are vesicular systems composed of non-ionic surfactants. Niosomes were constructed by the thin-film hydration method. VSV-G gene in pMD2.G plasmid was expressed in the HEK293T cell line and then was reconstituted in the niosome bilayer. The formation of niosomal virosomes was confirmed with different methods such as SDS-PAGE gel, western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The efficiency of niosomal virosome was investigated with the pmCherry reporter gene. SDS-PAGE and western blotting proved the expression and successful insertion of protein into the bilayer. The TEM images showed the spike projection of VSV-G on the surface of niosomes. The transfection results showed high efficiency of niosomal virosomes as a novel carrier. This report has verified that niosome could be used as an efficient bilayer instead of liposome to construct virosomes.Cytokinesis is the final step in cell division and is driven by the constriction of the medial actomyosin-based contractile ring (CR) in many eukaryotic cells. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the IQGAP-like protein Rng2 is required for assembly and constriction of the CR, and specifically interacts with actin filaments (F-actin) in the CR after anaphase. However, the mechanism that timely activates Rng2 has not yet been elucidated. We herein tested the hypothesis that the cytokinetic function of Rng2 is regulated by phosphorylation by examining phenotypes of a series of non-phosphorylatable and phosphomimetic rng2 mutant strains.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/OSI027.html  In phosphomimetic mutant cells, F-actin in the CR was unstable. Genetic analyses indicated that phosphorylated Rng2 was involved in CR assembly in cooperation with myosin-II, whereas the phosphomimetic mutation attenuated the localization of Rng2 to CR F-actin. The present results suggest that Rng2 is phosphorylated during CR assembly and then dephosphorylated, which enhances the interaction between Rng2 and CR F-actin to stabilize the ring, thereby ensuring secure cytokinesis.