https://www.selleckchem.com/products/iwr-1-endo.html The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare bone growth and implant integration in circumferential defects with two commercially available bone substitutes (demineralized bovine bone mineral [DBBM]). Circumferential defects were created in the mandibles of minipigs (n = 10), and Bone Level Tapered implants (Straumann Roxolid with SLActive surface) were placed. The defects (4-mm-deep circumferential defect, 2 mm around each implant) were augmented with either sintered bovine bone mineral (test, cerabone) or natural bovine bone mineral (control, Bio-Oss). Bone formation and tissue composition in augmented sites were histomorphometrically assessed after 8 and 12 weeks of healing time (n = 5 each), respectively, in terms of the percentage of area of newly formed bone to total area, bone-to-implant contact (BIC), and crestal bone height relative to the implant shoulder (first bone-to-implant contact [fBIC]). Bone formation in all defect sites was adequate and equivalent for both groups at individual hed stable bone volume specifically when used for simultaneous augmentation around implants. To assess different microstructured surfaces created by sandblasting and acid etching in an effort to optimize the osseointegration performance of dental zirconia implants with an optimized surface. Sixty CAD/CAM zirconia implants were divided into four groups. The control group had no surface treatment after sintering. The other groups had three different types of surface modifications sandblasting; sandblasting and etching with hydrofluoric acid; and sandblasting and etching with an experimental hot etching solution composed of methanol, 37% hydrochloric acid, and ferric chloride, heated to 100°C and applied for 60 minutes. Commercially available titanium implants with sandblasted and etched surfaces and identical dimensions were employed as a positive control. Surface micromorphologies of implants from the five groups were