The serum troponin, LDH, and MDA levels were significantly (p<0.01) increased in the MI group compared with the control. Pretreatment with TC before MI induction significantly (p<0.01) prevented increased serum troponin, LDH, and MDA levels when compared with the MI group. There was also a significant (p<0.01) decrease in MDA in the TC group compared with the control.
 
  These results suggest that Theobroma cacao protects against isoproterenol induced myocardial injury, possibly by preventing oxidative stress and consequent lipid peroxidation.
 These results suggest that Theobroma cacao protects against isoproterenol induced myocardial injury, possibly by preventing oxidative stress and consequent lipid peroxidation.
  In the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, health systems are struggling to prioritize care for affected patients, however, physicians globally are also attempting to maintain care for other lessthreatening medical conditions that may lead to permanent disabilities if untreated. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a relatively common condition affecting young females that could lead to permanent blindness if not properly treated. In this article, we provide some insight and recommendations regarding the management of IIH during the pandemic.
 
  The diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment methods of IIH during the COVID-19 pandemic period are reviewed. COVID-19 as a mimic of IIH is also discussed.
 
  Diagnosis and follow-up of papilledema due to IIH during the COVID-19 pandemic can be facilitated by nonmydriatic fundus photography and optical coherence tomography. COVID-19 may mimic IIH by presenting as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, papillophlebitis, or meningoencephalitis, so a high index of suspicious is required in these cases. When surgical treatment is indicated, optic nerve sheath fenestration may be the primary procedure of choice during the pandemic period.
 
  IIH is a serious vision threatening condition that could lead to permanent blindness and disability at a relatively young age if left untreated. It could be the first presentation of a COVID-19 infection. Certain precautions during the diagnosis and management of this condition could be taken that may allow appropriate care to be delivered to these patients while minimizing the risk of coronavirus infection.
 IIH is a serious vision threatening condition that could lead to permanent blindness and disability at a relatively young age if left untreated. It could be the first presentation of a COVID-19 infection. Certain precautions during the diagnosis and management of this condition could be taken that may allow appropriate care to be delivered to these patients while minimizing the risk of coronavirus infection.
  Coronavirus is a group of viruses which causes diseases in mammals and birds. In humans, these family of viruses can cause the respiratory infections from mild form to fatal forms. It is preferably called as coronavirus. Formally it known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or 2019 novel coronavirus (2019- nCoV) and this disease is called as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 is infectious in humans and world health organization has announced that Covid-19 as a pandemic disease. Tocilizumab is a biological agent which inhibits the cytokine, interleukin 6 (IL-6 inhibitor). As SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to the development of cytokine storm syndrome, the drug tocilizumab seems to have positive effect in patients with covid-19.
 
  To analyze and review the possible effects and efficacy of the tocilizumab (monoclonal antibody against IL-6 receptors) in SARS-CoV-2 patients.
 
  The search strategy on recent research and review articles is used for the SARS-CoV-2 disease and tvailable research data tocilizumab, a recombinant humanized anti-human monoclonal antibody of IgG1τ (gamma 1, kappa) can improve patient's condition from cytokine storm syndrome by inhibiting the IL-6 (Interleukin 6) receptors. The rational use of the tocilizumab in severe and critically ill covid-19 patients can prevent the development of irreversible lung injury and death of the patient. Three retrospective studies of Xiaoling Xu et al., Pan luo et al.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Eloxatin.html  and Paola Tonaiti et al. has shown the efficacy of tocilizumab in severe and critically ill covid-19 patients. However we need more randomized research studies with significant number of patients which can confirm the promising results on tocilizumab treatment in covid-19 patients and even ongoing clinical trails such as TOSCA, COVACTA results has not been published yet which are expected to give better and more significant results on tocilizumab's effectiveness and safety.
  Over the years, drug monitoring-such as anti drug antibodies (ADA) dosage- has witnessed major transformations. In fact ADA are more and more used in rheumatology and gastro-enterology in monitoring chronic inflammatory diseases therapeutic response. The main purpose of those researches is to produce less immunogenic drug and in consequences to improve tolerance and efficiency, since immunogenicity of those drugs still is the main constraint to their long-term use. The aim of this review was to highlight anti-drug-antibodies potential effects on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of biotherapies as well as their clinical implications.
 
  For this purpose we did collect and summarize published data on pubmed using key words "Biologics, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Spondyloarthritis, Crohn disease, Anti drug antibodies, residual rate, immunogenicity, efficacy, tolerance". The time-period selected for this study was 2000-2019.
 
  Anti- Drug-antibodies do decrease pharmaco-availability of drugs and in consequences its efficiency and high risk of refractory disease and side effects.
 
  Recent literature is consistent with the fact that drug monitoring using ADA dosage coupled with residual drug concentration offers reliable options to comfort practitioner' therapeutic management decisions. This is particularly interesting in failure to treatment or in side effects onset situations.
 Recent literature is consistent with the fact that drug monitoring using ADA dosage coupled with residual drug concentration offers reliable options to comfort practitioner' therapeutic management decisions. This is particularly interesting in failure to treatment or in side effects onset situations.