Curcuma longa and Azadirachta indica are traditionally used in Indian cuisine and Ayurvedic medicine as nutraceuticals against diabetes. The crude C. longa isopropanol extract, bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), the purified bioactive component from C. longa, and limonoids azadiradione, gedunin from A. indica, are able to inhibit in vitro the antidiabetic target human pancreatic α-amylase independently. However, no reports on their in vivo efficacy in animal models exist. Thus, the antidiabetic effect of these orally administered human pancreatic α-amylase inhibitors was performed on streptozotocin-induced Sprague-Dawley rats. Initially, the normal rats were treated with test compounds (10-100 mg/kg of body weight) in corn oil (5 ml/kg), and as no lethality was observed in these doses, further studies were carried out with lowest concentration of 10 mg/kg of body weight. A reduction in area under curve (AUC) suggested glucose-lowering effect of these compounds in starch fed diabetic rats. The efficacy study showed -amylase inhibitors and suggests a potential role for them as nutraceuticals/therapeutics in management of post-prandial hyperglycemia.Fingerprint identification errors may be due to the high similarity of fingerprints from different sources, especially when queries are conducted in a large database with the application of the Automatic Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS). In this study, a database of ten-prints of 6.964 million individuals was used; 20 sets of 60 simulated fingermarks of different qualities were used and compared with fingerprints from the database. A total of 245 queries were conducted based on both the quality of each fingermark and the number of minutiae. Four types of results were obtained from these queries on the large database, and were categorized as follows (A) Neither Same Source nor Close Non-Match appears in the candidate list, (B) Only Same Source appears, (C) Only Close Non-Matches appear, and (D) Both Same Source and Close Non-Matches appear. When the quality of the fingermark was improved, more minutiae could be identified, and the degree of accuracy of the placement as well as orientation was higher. As a result, highly Close Non-Match fingerprints appeared; this made it harder to distinguish these fingerprints from Same Source fingerprints, especially in the large database. We concluded that more highly Close Non-Matches might appear when the database is consistently expanded, and an increasing number of Close Non-Matches might be found with a higher ranking and score than the Same Source; this would make the identification harder for examiners and might increase the possibility of identification errors.A dose of 200 mg 3-weekly of pembrolizumab was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without oncogenic drivers. This is despite evidence showing no difference in efficacy with 2 mg/kg. Our study aimed to assess the efficacy of a lower fixed dose of 100 mg, which is closer to 2 mg/kg weight-based dose in an average-sized Asian patient.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/iwp-2.html  All patients receiving pembrolizumab for advanced NSCLC from January 2016 to March 2020 in National University Hospital, Singapore, were included in this retrospective observational study. The effect of pembrolizumab 100 mg (Pem100) vs 200 mg (Pem200) upon survival outcomes, toxicity and cost were examined. One hundred fourteen patients received pembrolizumab. Sixty-five (57%) and 49 (43%) received Pem100 and Pem200, respectively. There was no difference in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between Pem100 vs Pem200 as a single agent (PFS 6.8 vs 4.2 months, hazard ratio [HR] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36-1.46, P = .36; 9 month OS 58% vs 63%, HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.48-2.41, P = .86) and when combined with chemotherapy (9-month PFS 60% vs 50%, HR0.84, 95% CI 0.34-2.08, P = .71; 9-month OS 85% vs 58%, HR 0.27, 95% CI 0.062-1.20, P = .09). No significant difference in response rate or ≥G3 immune-related toxicities between Pem100 and Pem200 was observed. A cost minimisation analysis evaluating the degree of cost savings related to drug costs estimated a within study cost saving of SGD4,290,912 and cost saving per patient of SGD39,942 in the Pem100 group. A 100 mg of pembrolizumab appears to be effective with reduction in cost. A randomised trial should be done to investigate a lower dose of pembrolizumab.
  Cryoprecipitate (CRYO) is neither produced nor supplied by the Japanese Red Cross Society. A novel CRYO extraction method established in-house by modifying a thaw-siphon technique was demonstrated in this study.
 
  A pack of fresh frozen plasma was thawed and equally divided into two bags for CRYO extraction by different methods. CRYO was extracted from the blood plasma using a standard centrifugation method and our modified thaw-siphon method (Bokutoh-siphon method; B method). The two different CRYOs extracted were analyzed to compare the differences in the amount of fibrinogen recovered, clotting factors extracted, and clotting activity.
 
  The amount of fibrinogen in the CRYO extracted using the B-siphon method was similar to that obtained using the standard method (recovery of fibrinogen B-siphon method 71.2% vs. standard method 61.0%). The amount of clotting XIII factor extracted using the B-siphon method was significantly lower than those extracted using the standard method. On the other hand, clotting II, V factors, and C1q esterase inhibitor not concentrated in CRYO content from the B-siphon method were significantly higher than that from the standard method.
 
  A new in-house CRYO preparation method was established by modifying a previously used thaw-siphon method. A coagulation factor-rich CRYO was extracted from plasma frozen at -40°C along with the first fraction of thawed plasma, without using a large-capacity refrigerated centrifuge for blood bags.
 A new in-house CRYO preparation method was established by modifying a previously used thaw-siphon method. A coagulation factor-rich CRYO was extracted from plasma frozen at -40°C along with the first fraction of thawed plasma, without using a large-capacity refrigerated centrifuge for blood bags.