management of CLBP.The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic due to its widespread global infection. This has resulted in lockdown under different phases in many nations, including India, around the globe. In the present study, we report the impact of aerosols on surface ozone in the context of pre-lockdown (01st - 24th March 2020 (PLD)), lockdown phase1 (25th March to 14th April 2020 (LDP1)), and lockdown phase 2 (15th April to 03rd May 2020 (LDP2)) on clear days at a semi-arid site, Anantapur in southern India using both in situ observations and model simulations. Collocated measurements of surface ozone (O3), aerosol optical depth (AOD), black carbon mass concentration (BC), total columnar ozone (TCO), solar radiation (SR), and ultraviolet radiation (UV-A) data were collected using an Ozone analyzer, MICROTOPS sunphotometer, Ozonometer, Aethalometer, and net radiometer during the study period. The diurnal variations of O3 and BC exhibited an opposite trend during thn (~8.4%) and AOD (10.8%) were observed in the semi-arid area during LDP1 with correspondence to PLD. The columnar aerosol size distributions retrieved from the spectral AODs followed power-law plus unimodal during three phases.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/CP-690550.html  The absorption angstrom exponent (AAE) analysis reveals a predominant contribution to the BC from biomass burning activities during the lockdown period over the measurement location.In the backdrop of upward trend in anthropogenic aerosols over global hotspot regions, the air quality had improved worldwide post declaration of the Corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic in mid-March-2020. Present study using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) and the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) version-2 datasets however, demonstrates the regional variation in aerosol loading during peak of the lockdown period. Reduction in aerosol loading over majority of the aerosol hotspots is observed from mid-March/April-2020 with highest percentage reduction in the month of May. Reduction in aerosol loading over global hotspots resulted in positive surface aerosol radiative forcing (ARF, up to 6 Wm-2). Albeit reduction in aerosol loading observed worldwide, the considerable above normal aerosol burden was identified during April-May 2020 over the Amazon river basin, northern parts of the South America, Mexico region, South-West parts of the Africa and South East Asian region. Analysis revealed that the wildfire emission contributed significantly in anomalous aerosol burden over these regions during the lockdown period. An appropriate mitigation measures to reduce wildfire emissions is essential in addition to controlled anthropogenic emissions as far as air quality, deforestation and ecosystem is concerned.The COVID-19 global pandemic is a threat not only to the health of millions of individuals, but also to the stability of infrastructure and economies around the world. The disease will inevitably place an overwhelming burden on healthcare systems that cannot be effectively dealt with by existing facilities or responses based on conventional approaches. We believe that a rigorous clinical and societal response can only be mounted by using intelligence derived from a variety of data sources to better utilize scarce healthcare resources, provide personalized patient management plans, inform policy, and expedite clinical trials. In this paper, we introduce five of the most important challenges in responding to COVID-19 and show how each of them can be addressed by recent developments in machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI). We argue that the integration of these techniques into local, national, and international healthcare systems will save lives, and propose specific methods by which implementation can happen swiftly and efficiently. We offer to extend these resources and knowledge to assist policymakers seeking to implement these techniques.As the COVID-19 pandemic causes unprecedented disruptions in citizens' lives and work, prompting a wide range of responses from governments across the globe. The southern Indian state of Kerala, India's COVID-19 "ground zero", stands out with a fatality rate at a fraction of other richer Indian states and countries. This has happened despite the state presenting strong vulnerabilities to COVID-19. Using the theoretical lens of frugal innovation, I analyse how the Kerala State Government (KSG) combated the spread of COVID-19. This research uncovers the mechanisms at play as KSG implemented and used frugal technologies as platforms that helped decision making and strategy to fight the pandemic. I find a rich interplay of frugal innovations promoted by the government, in partnership with research institutes and private sector actors, which are cheap and efficacious. The study defines and promotes the concept of government frugal innovation (GFI) and provides valuable insights and tools to help governments navigate and effectively respond to this crisis, encouraging the rest of the world to learn from Kerala's experience. My conceptual model characterizes GFI as involving collaborative aspects, and holds practical implications beyond the times of crises.Various technology innovations and applications have been developed to fight the coronavirus pandemic. The pandemic also has implications for the design, development, and use of technologies. There is an urgent need for a greater understanding of what roles information systems and technology researchers can play in this global pandemic. This paper examines emerging technologies used to mitigate the threats of COVID-19 and relevant challenges related to technology design, development, and use. It also provides insights and suggestions into how information systems and technology scholars can help fight the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper helps promote future research and technology development to produce better solutions for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic and future pandemics.University life has changed profoundly due to social distancing measures to control the spread of COVID-19. Over the longer term, the coronavirus crisis may affect the mental health of undergraduate students who are required to cope with remote options and forgo the usual campus life. The aim of this study is thus to investigate the impacts of COVID-19 on undergraduate students' mental health and daily life in order to assist policymakers improve pandemic control plans and help educators and healthcare experts provide support to affected undergraduates. Results are based on quantitative data collected via online questionnaires which were completed by 181 Greek undergraduate forestry students. The analysis indicated that the students were highly affected by the closure of universities and the transition to distance learning. Moreover, they experienced negative emotions, mostly concern and anger, during the lockdown. T-test showed that female respondents experienced strong negative emotions like fear, panic and despair to a higher degree than male students who were more optimistic about the pandemic.