Compared with amphetamines, synthetic cathinones appear to have more moderate effects than their amphetamine congeners in terms of neurotoxic effects. However, many synthetic cathinone users take these substances simultaneously with other substances such as benzodiazepines, amphetamines, ecstasy, tetrahydrocannabinol, and ethanol and this abuse can modify their neurotoxic effects.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Cyclopamine.html  Hence, it is important to understand the underlying mechanism of early neurotoxic effects in case of polysubstance use. In this review, we aimed to present up-to-date information on the abuse potential of synthetic cathinones, their legal status, mechanism of action, and particularly their neurotoxic effects.Objectives The aim of the study is to explore the suitability of an empirical approach for the extended Hildebrand solubility approach (EHSA) to predict and correlate the solubility of the crystalline drug itraconazole (ITRA) in triacetin water mixtures. Materials and methods The physicochemical properties of ITRA like fusion enthalpy, solubility parameter, and ideal mole fraction solubility were estimated. The solubilities of ITRA in mixed solvent blends comprising triacetin water were determined at 298.15°K. Theoretical solubilities were back calculated using a polynomial regression equation of the interaction energy parameter W as a function of the solubility parameter (δ1) of the solvent mixture. Similarly, the solubilities were predicted by direct method based on the use of logarithmic experimental solubilities (logX2 ) against the solubility parameter (δ1) of the solvent mixture. The predictive capabilities of both EHSA and the direct method were compared using mean percent deviations. Results The solubility of ITRA was increased in all the triacetin water blends and was highest in the blend in which the solubility parameter of ITRA equaled that of the solvent mixture. The prediction capacities of the direct method (mean % deviation was -1.89%) were better than those of EHSA (mean % deviation was 9.76%) in the fifth order polynomial. Conclusion The results indicated that the solubility of any crystalline solute can be adequately predicted and correlated with the mere knowledge of physicochemical properties and EHSA. The information could be of help in process and formulation development.Objectives The objective of the current study was to formulate a sustained release (SR) formulation for pravastatin. Pravastatin is a lipid lowering, biopharmaceutical classification class-III agent. Materials and methods SR tablets of pravastatin were prepared using variable amounts of hydroxy methyl propyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose in various proportions by direct compression in a 32 factorial design. The amounts of the polymers HPMC K4M and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose required to obtain prolonged release of drug were chosen as independent variables, X1 and X2, respectively, whereas times taken for 10%, 50%, 75%, and 90% drug release were chosen as dependent variables. Results Nine formulations were developed and were checked using pharmacopoeial tests. The results showed that all the factorial batches were within the standard limits. The dissolution parameters of all formulations were subjected to kinetic fitting and various statistical parameters were determined. Polynomial equations were developed and verified for dependent variables. Formulation F5, containing 25 mg of HPMC K4M and 25 mg of sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, was the formulation most similar (similarity factor f2=89.559, difference factor f1=1.546) to the marketed product (Pravachol). Conclusion The best formulation (F5) follows Higuchi's kinetics and non-Fickian diffusion zero order kinetics (n=1.083).Objectives The present research was conducted to document the usage of medicinal plants, plant parts utilized, and methods of preparation by the people living in Aziziye district, situated in the western part of Erzurum. Materials and methods The medicinal plant species utilized by local public for remedial aims were collected and identified. The related knowledge about conventional herbal medicine was collected, herbarium materials were prepared, and they were deposited in the Herbarium of the Faculty of Science, Atatürk University. Results A total of 77 medical plants pertaining to 30 families were defined in this research. Amongst these, 62 species grew naturally and 15 species were cultivated. The most widespread medicinal plant families were Asteraceae (14), Rosaceae (7), Lamiaceae (5), and Apiaceae (5). The most widespread preparation was decoction. Conclusion The ethnobotanical outcomes documented in this study provide practical evidence about the use of medicinal plants among the inhabitants of Aziziye District. Furthermore, the results revealed that the medicinal plants of the region are a major source of herbal drugs for primary healthcare utilized among the rural communities. This study can be utilized as baseline knowledge for further scientific research to improve new plant-based commercial drugs, and may transfer the traditional information as regards usage of medicinal herbs to new generation.Objectives Fenofibric acid (FA) is antihyperlipidemic agent and commercially available as a tablet formulation that weighs 840 mg for 105 mg of active substance. A new formulation with less inactive substance was developed as an alternative to the conventional formulation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dissolution and the relative bioavailability of the surface solid dispersion (SSD) and conventional formulations of FA by comparing them with the reference formulation in its commercial tablets. The in vitro-in vivo correlation among these tablet formulations was also evaluated. Materials and methods The dissolution study was performed in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and biorelevant fasted state simulated intestinal fluid. Dissolution efficiency and mean dissolution time (MDT) were used to compare the dissolution profiles. The bioavailability study, using nine healthy volunteers, was conducted based on a single-dose, fasted, randomized, crossover design. The in vivo performance was compared using the pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-72, and AUC0-∞.