Regression modelling techniques were only used with data from upper-middle or high-income countries where hospital administrative data was available. We identified variability in the methods, case definitions, and data sources used, including 91 different age groups and 11 different categories of case definitions. Due to the high observed heterogeneity across articles (
  >99%), we were unable to pool published estimates.
 
  The variety of methods, data sources, and case definitions adapted locally suggests that the current literature cannot be synthesized to generate global estimates of influenza-associated hospitalization burden.
 The variety of methods, data sources, and case definitions adapted locally suggests that the current literature cannot be synthesized to generate global estimates of influenza-associated hospitalization burden.
  Multimorbidity is a global challenge. It is more common in the elderly and deprived populations. Health systems are not providing appropriate care for people with multimorbidity as they are focused on managing single diseases and are not oriented to effectively manage complexity of care-coordination for multimorbidity. This study aims to examine trends, disparities and consequences of multimorbidity over a 10-year period. It also aims to analyze different multimorbidity clusters and their association with quality of life.
 
  This study analyzes Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey - a cross-sectional survey repeated each year of 100 000 individuals aged one or more in 192 regions of South Korea - for the 10-year period 2007-2016. This is a population-based study based on nationally representative survey data for 10 years in Korea. Our study included 68 590 adults aged 19 or more who answered questions on presence of diseases. 39 chronic conditions were included. Disease clustering by frequeross socioeconomic strata, with higher levels and health consequences observed in individuals in lower socio-economic income groups. Different multimorbidity clusters had differential effect on the quality of life. Health system designs incorporating integrated care strategies for complex conditions are required to effectively manage multimorbidity and different multimorbidity clusters.
 The prevalence of multimorbidity varied across socioeconomic strata, with higher levels and health consequences observed in individuals in lower socio-economic income groups. Different multimorbidity clusters had differential effect on the quality of life.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/c-178.html  Health system designs incorporating integrated care strategies for complex conditions are required to effectively manage multimorbidity and different multimorbidity clusters.
  Oxygen reduces mortality from severe pneumonia and is a vital part of case management, but achieving reliable access to oxygen is challenging in low and middle-income country (LMIC) settings. We developed and field tested two oxygen supply solutions suitable for the realities of LMIC health facilities.
 
  A Health Needs Assessment identified a technology gap preventing reliable oxygen supplies in Gambian hospitals. We used simultaneous engineering to develop two solutions a Mains-Power Storage (Mains-PS) system consisting of an oxygen concentrator and batteries connected to mains power, and a Solar-Power Storage (Solar-PS) system (with batteries charged by photovoltaic panels) and evaluated them in health facilities in The Gambia and Fiji to assess reliability, usability and costs.
 
  The Mains-PS system delivered the specified ≥85% (±3%) oxygen concentration in 100% of 1-2 weekly measurements over 12 months, which was available to 100% of hypoxaemic patients, and 100% of users rated ease-of-use as at least 'C health facilities like those in The Gambia and Fiji.
  In India, which has the world's third-largest HIV epidemic, the extent to which levels of HIV-related stigma have changed during an era of ART scale-up is unknown.
 
  We analyzed data from the 2005-06 and 2015-16 National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) to estimate trends in two stigma domains among people in the general population desires for social distance from people living with HIV (ie, unwillingness to interact) and fear of serostatus disclosure in the case of a hypothetical HIV infection. We fitted multivariable linear probability models to the data with year of NFHS as the explanatory variable and alternately specifying fear of disclosure or desires for social distance as the dependent variable. Analyses were stratified by sex, state, and high vs low HIV prevalence states.
 
  We included data on 172 795 women and 159 194 men. Desires for social distance declined in 2015-16 compared with 2005-06 (38% in 2015-16 vs 43% in 2005-06; adjusted 
   -0.046; 95% confidence interval (CI = -0.049 to -0.043; 
   < 0.001) but fear of serostatus disclosure increased (31% in 2005-06 vs 37% in 2015-16; adjusted 
   = 0.058; 95% CI = 0.055-0.062; 
   < 0.001). Declines in social distancing were more pronounced among men and in high HIV prevalence states. Increased fear of serostatus disclosure was greater among women and in high HIV prevalence states. There was significant variability in trends disaggregated by state.
 
  During the first decade of ART scale-up in India, fear of HIV serostatus disclosure in the general population increased despite a decline in desires for social distance.
 During the first decade of ART scale-up in India, fear of HIV serostatus disclosure in the general population increased despite a decline in desires for social distance.Background In 2017, a survey-based women's empowerment index (SWPER) was proposed for African countries, including three domains social independence, decision making and attitude to violence. External validity and predictive value of the SWPER has been demonstrated in terms of coverage of maternal and child interventions and use of modern contraception. To determine its value for global monitoring, we explored the applicability of the SWPER in national health surveys from low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) in other world regions.
  We used data from the latest Demographic and Health Survey for 62 LMICs since 2000. 14 pre-selected questions (items) were considered during the validation process. Content adaptations included the exclusion of women's working status and recategorization of the decision-making related items. We compared the loading patterns obtained from principal components analysis performed for each country separately with those obtained in a pooled data set with all countries combined. Country rankings based on the score of each SWPER domain were correlated with their rankings in the Gender Development Index (GDI) and the Gender Inequality Index (GII) for external validation.