The precision was 1.4-degrees for O-DFA and 3.0-degrees for P-DFA. Repeatability and reproducibility were excellent in both techniques. In the group of patients with poor foveal definition, the precision of P-DFA changed from 3.0-degrees to 4.8-degrees, whereas the O-DFA remained stable. OCT had a good agreement with the fundus photography method. O-DFA showed better precision than P-DFA. O-DFA repeatability and reproducibility were excellent and unconditioned by foveal status. OCT had a good agreement with the fundus photography method. O-DFA showed better precision than P-DFA. O-DFA repeatability and reproducibility were excellent and unconditioned by foveal status. To evaluate the efficacy of transscleral drainage of subretinal fluid (TDSRF) with and without pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), which are performed as an adjunct to ablative therapies in advanced Coats disease. Retrospective, comparative case series. A total of 31 eyes from 31 consecutive patients with advanced Coats disease at an average age of 47.8 ± 34.2 (2-156) months at the time of the surgery, who underwent TDSRF alone or in combination with PPV. Main outcome measurements were LogMAR visual acuity values, anterior and posterior segment findings, need for further surgery, laser photocoagulation, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment. Anatomical success was defined as the maintenance of retinal reattachment without any further surgery during follow-up. Sixteen patients underwent TDSRF alone, and 15 patients underwent combined TDSRF and PPV. Mean follow-up time was 34.8 ± 32.9months (6-128). Anatomical success rate of combined TDSRF and PPV was higher than that of TDSRF alone (93.8% vs 75%, respectively). The incidence of epiretinal membrane formation, number of laser photocoagulation procedures, and anti-VEGF treatments were statistically significantly higher in the group that underwent TDSRF alone than in those who had combined TDSRF and PPV in the long term. There was an improvement in vision in only 4 eyes (12.9%) (all >3 years old at presentation) during the follow-up. Combined TDSRF and PPV appears to be more effective in controlling the disease than TDSRF alone, as an adjunct to ablative procedures for the treatment of advanced Coats disease. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/r-hts-3.html The need for additional treatment is much less with the addition of PPV. Combined TDSRF and PPV appears to be more effective in controlling the disease than TDSRF alone, as an adjunct to ablative procedures for the treatment of advanced Coats disease. The need for additional treatment is much less with the addition of PPV. To describe the presence of subretinal lipid globules (SLG), analyze the multimodal imaging features inherent in their optical properties, and provide a means to distinguish them from other retinal structures and clinical signs. Retrospective cohort study. The clinical data and multimodal imaging features of 39 patients (49 eyes) showing SLG were evaluated. Patients underwent color fundus photography, near-infrared reflectance (NIR), spectral-domain (SD) and swept-source (SS) optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography. Invitro phantom models were used to model OCT optical properties of water, mineral oil, and intralipid droplets and to investigate the optical mechanisms producing hypertransmission tails beneath SLG. The SLG were not visible in color fundus photographs or in NIR images. With both SD- and SS-OCT B-scans, SLG appeared as 31-157μm, round, hyporeflective structures demonstrating a characteristic hypertransmission tail previously described with lipid globules found in the choroito surrounding tissue. To describe the proportion of female faculty presenting or moderating at vitreoretinal meetings from 2015 through 2019. Retrospective trend study. 6 highly attended annual national vitreoretinal meetings from 2015 to 2019 (30 total meetings) METHODS Conference programs were acquired either through online search or directly from meeting organizers and were reviewed and analyzed. Genders of program committee members, first author main podium presenters of papers and nonpaper presenters, main podium panelists, and main podium moderators were recorded. A χ analysis was performed to compare the proportion of women with podium roles in 2015 and those in each subsequent year until 2019. change in proportion of women filling faculty roles in 2015 versus those in 2019. A total of 4,521 faculty roles were included for analysis. Women filled 22.1% of those roles and were more likely to be included as invited moderators or panelists (25.0%) than as paper (21.4%) or non-paper (19.8%) presenters. Meetings with ith at least 1 female program committee member filled non-paper podium faculty roles with a significantly greater proportion of women. Women filled less than one-fourth of the main podium faculty roles at vitreoretinal meetings included for analysis over a 5-year period, although there was a significant increase in female representation when 2015 and 2019 participation were compared. Meetings with at least 1 female program committee member filled non-paper podium faculty roles with a significantly greater proportion of women. Many patients with pulmonary arterial or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (PH) wish to travel to altitude or by airplane, but their risk of hypoxia-related adverse health effects is insufficiently explored. How does hypoxia, compared with normoxia, affect constant work-rate exercise test (CWRET) time in patients with PH, and which physiologic mechanisms are involved? Stable patients with PH with resting Pao ≥ 7.3kPa underwent symptom-limited cycling CWRET (60%of maximal workload) while breathing normobaric hypoxic air (hypoxia; Fio , 15%) and ambient air (normoxia; Fio , 21%) in a randomized cross-over design. Borg dyspnea score, arterial blood gases, tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient, and mean pulmonary artery pressure/cardiac output ratio (mean PAP/CO) by echocardiography were assessed before and during end-CWRET. Twenty-eight patients (13 women) were included median (quartiles) age, 66 (54; 74) years; mean pulmonary artery pressure, 41 (29; 49) mmHg; and pulmonary vascular resistance, 5.