Rifampicin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that binds to the bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP), compromising DNA transcription. Rifampicin resistance is common in several microorganisms and it is typically caused by point mutations in the gene encoding the β subunit of RNA polymerase, rpoB. Different rpoB mutations are responsible for various levels of rifampicin resistance and for a range of secondary effects. rpoB mutations conferring rifampicin resistance have been shown to be responsible for severe effects on transcription, cell fitness, bacterial stress response and virulence. Such effects have never been investigated in the marine pathogen Vibrio vulnificus, even though rifampicin-resistant strains of V. vulnificus have been isolated previously. Moreover, spontaneous rifampicin-resistant strains of V. vulnificus have an important role in conjugation and mutagenesis protocols, with poor consideration of the effects of rpoB mutations. In this work, effects on growth, stress response and virulence of V. vulniicate that rifampicin resistance is not an appropriate selectable marker for studies that aim to investigate phenotypic behaviour in this organism.Although the influenza vaccine is widely recognized as an effective preventive measure, influenza vaccination rates among U.S. adults remain low. Moreover, influenza-related respiratory illnesses may increase the risk of adverse outcomes of COVID-19. Thus, this study examines the mechanisms involved in influenza vaccination uptake. Specifically, this study investigates how health information sources are associated with perceived vaccine efficacy and safety, which, in turn, associated with influenza vaccine uptake. Analyzing cross-sectional survey data from a national U.S. adult sample (N = 19,420), mediation analyses were conducted. Results revealed that considering vaccine efficacy, health information seekers who assigned more value to medical professionals, medical journals, and newspaper articles were more likely to perceive a vaccine as effective, thus being more likely to receive the influenza vaccine. By contrast, individuals who placed more value in social media were less likely to perceive vaccine efficacy, and, in turn, were less likely to get the influenza vaccine. Turning to vaccine safety, the value ascribed to medical professionals was positively associated with vaccine safety, which, in turn, related to influenza vaccine uptake. By contrast, social media, family or friends, and promotions were negatively associated with vaccine safety, and then influenza vaccine uptake.Background The prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) among stroke survivors has been the subject of several studies, but systematic review data regarding the prevalence of SI among stroke patients are still scarce. Objectives To estimate the pooled prevalence of SI among stroke survivors. Methods A comprehensive search strategy was established across the following electronic databases; Web of Science, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Chinese Wanfang database and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The 95% confidence interval (CI) given in each identified study was used to assess the outcomes. Cochran's Q test and I2 statistic were used to evaluate heterogeneity. The quality of the final evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. We calculated the pooled prevalence of SI among stroke survivors before subgroup analysis and meta-regression was used to find the partial source of heterogeneity. Results Twenty-one studies with a total of 17,189 participants were included in this study and the pooled prevalence of SI among stroke survivors was 12.25% (95%CI 9.91-15.07%). Substantial heterogeneity was detected in the estimation of prevalence. The evidence was graded as very low for the overall outcome and the single item subgroup, while it was graded as low for the stable scale subgroup. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests a high prevalence of SI among stroke survivors. Routine screening of SI after stroke is needed to plan interventions aimed at reducing suicide risk.This study examines the SNS activities of Singaporean women to assess how they perceive the risk of Zika virus infection based on the consumption of Zika-related news. Results from an online survey (N = 510) confirmed that third-person risk perception exists among study participants. Individual posting of ZIKA-related news on SNSs was negatively associated with third-person perception. Additionally, third-person perception was negatively correlated with preventive behavioral intention. A moderated mediation model analysis revealed that attention to ZIKA-related news on SNSs significantly moderates the indirect relationship between posting news of ZIKA on SNSs and preventive behavioral intention. The findings of this study are expected to increase the understanding of the third-person effect in the context of infectious diseases based on users' SNS activities.
  Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with adult substance use in the general population. Given pervasive health disparities among underserved populations, understanding how ACEs are associated with substance use among urban Emergency Department (ED) patients could help inform design of effective screening, brief interventions, and referral to treatment.
 
  To estimate gender differences in prevalence of separate and cumulative ACEs among a sample of urban ED patients, and assess its association with at-risk drinking (4+/5+drinks for females/males), cannabis, and illicit drug use. We hypothesized that the association between ACEs and each outcome would be stronger among females than males.
 
  Cross-sectional survey data were obtained from 1,037 married/partnered ED patients (53% female) at a public safety-net hospital. Gender-stratified logistic regression models were estimated for each substance use outcome.
 
  One+ ACEs were reported by 53% of males and 60% of females. Females whose mother was a victim of domestic violence had greater odds of at-risk drinking compared to females who did not report this ACE (AOR=1.72; 95% CI 1.03, 2.88). Females' cumulative ACEs were associated with cannabis use (OR=2.26, 95% CI 1.06, 4.83) and illicit drug use (OR=3.35; 95% CI 1.21, 9.30). Males' separate and cumulative ACEs were not associated with increased likelihood for any of the outcomes.
 
  ACEs are associated with greater odds of substance use among female than male ED patients. The prevalence of ACE exposure in this urban ED sample underscores the importance of ED staff providing trauma-informed care.
 ACEs are associated with greater odds of substance use among female than male ED patients.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/purmorphamine.html  The prevalence of ACE exposure in this urban ED sample underscores the importance of ED staff providing trauma-informed care.