https://www.selleckchem.com/products/c-75.html 7; 95% CI 1.17-6.37; p value = 0.03).The results declare that a protective role of Toxocara canis against the development of multiple sclerosis is unlikely. © Indian Society for Parasitology 2019.Paradiscogaster mannari n. sp. is described from the emperor angel fish Pomacanthus imperator collected from Gulf of Mannar and maintained in the marine aquarium at CMFRI, Mandapam, India. The new species differs from other species of the genus mainly in the shape of the body, the distribution of vitelline follicles entirely in the forebody on either side of cirrus sac and in the location of testes close to posterior end of body. The various species of Paradiscogaster so far recorded is listed together with information on the hosts and geographic distribution for each species. This constitutes the first report of a digenean from the emperor angel fish. © Indian Society for Parasitology 2019.Saraca asoca is an important plant species of India having variety of medicinal activity such as antiviral, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer etc. Indian Kala-azar (KA) or visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a protozoan parasitic disease caused by Leishmania sp and is endemic in Indian subcontinent. VL mainly targets the poorest people who have been suffering from deficiency in protein, nutrients and essential trace elements which ultimately leads to immunodeficiency. Essential trace element, Zinc (Zn) controls multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immunity while Iron (Fe) is required for various cellular activities. Bromine (Br) is important for assembly of collagen IV scaffolds in tissue development and helps in signalling and Copper (Cu) performs several functions related to immune system. Intra-cardiac blood was collected from the experimental BALB/c mice groups including (a) healthy control, (b) infected control, (c) Saraca asoca seed extract (Sa-SE) treated groups. The trace elements level in blood of mice was m