6, compared with 1.0 after 18 years (p = 0.02). At least one dispensation of any inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) before 18 years was found for 73% (107/147), compared with 50% (74/147) after 18 years. The mean number of dispensed any ICS was 3.1 before 18 years, and 2.1 after 18 years (p less then 0.01). Only 3% (5/147) had a regular dispensation of any ICS once a year during the eight-year period. Conclusions Healthcare consultations were fewer than recommended in guidelines and decreased after the transition to adult healthcare. Almost no one had dispensed regular asthma medications during the eight-year period.Objective Many medical students mentally commit to specialties prior to entering clerkships. This is why early preclinical interactions with surgical specialties, through mentorship and/or interest groups, increases the opportunity to nurture enthusiasm for surgery. In 2007, a course providing preclinical medical students with introductory surgical skills training and preparation for the surgical environment ("SURG205") was established at our institution. The course underwent a major revision in 2016, increasing intraoperative mentorship by matching students to surgical attendings and requiring students to scrub into operative cases together. We anticipate that the positive surgical experiences created by the course will lead to further development and enhancement of student interest in surgical specialties-interest that we hypothesized would reflect in their National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) Match outcomes. Design NRMP results from 2010 to 2019 were cross-referenced with a database of students who paes and eventual match into the specialty. General surgery training programs might consider these trends when designing courses to ease transitions into first-year residency positions-such as fourth-year surgical boot camps, surgical procedure-based anatomy courses, and mentorship frameworks. This information further justifies the cost and time commitment required to administer these programs for students.Background The introduction of integrated 6-year cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) residency programs has shifted recruitment efforts to encompass not only general surgery (GS) residents, but also medical students. Objective The aim of this paper is to assess medical student and GS resident clinical exposure to CTS. Design Data from the Association of American Medical Colleges Visiting Student Application Service and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Case Log Reports were collected from 2010 to 2017 and 2010 to 2018, respectively. The data extracted included medical students who applied and received an offer for elective rotations and the cases performed as a GS resident. Results A mean of 95 ± 28.5 medical students applied for CTS rotations annually and the applicants for CTS rotations increased by an average of 11.8% per year. However, significantly less students received an offer compared to other specialties (53.4% CTS vs 74.1% GS, 79.3% plastic surgery, 86.3% urology, 85.7% otolaryngology, 88.6% neurological surgery, and 89.6% orthopedic surgery) (p less then 0.001). GS residents performed a mean of 39.3 ± 0.8 CTS procedures during residency 32.9 ± 1.0 performed as a junior resident and 6.3 ± 0.7 as a chief resident. Out of all CTS procedures, 7.3% were cardiac procedures, with rates increasing from 5.6% to 8.4% during the study period (p = 0.001). Conclusions Elective rotation opportunities in CTS are high in demand for medical students while GS residents receive limited CTS exposure, especially cardiac cases. Increasing clinical opportunities in both groups will aid in recruiting young talent to the field.Objective At present, there is no proficiency-based curriculum for endovascular treatment of aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) using virtual reality (VR) surgical simulators, whereas such curricula are available for the treatment of iliac and/or superficial femoral artery disease. The purpose of this work was to compute proficiency, defined by a benchmark level determined by the performance of experts, using a commercial VR simulator as a first step of a curriculum on EVAR. Materials and methods Expert endovascular surgeons (with more than 150 EVAR cases as first operators) from 12 major Italian centers completed three cases of EVAR of increasing difficulty level 3 times each, using the Angio Mentor simulator (by Simbionix) and Gore devices. Proficiency level was based on performance of expert surgeons, as assessed by metrics from a VR simulator.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly333531.html  Results The participating surgeons had a median of 20 years of experience and executed a median of 440 EVAR. For the 3 simulated cases, the following proficiency values were respectively obtained total procedure time 22 minutes 32 seconds, 23 minutes 05 seconds, and 20 minutes 32 seconds; total amount of contrast injected 85.16 mL, 89.97 mL, and 98.01 mL total fluoroscopy time 10 minutes 39 seconds, 12 minutes 22 seconds, and 10 minutes 17 seconds; time to contralateral gate cannulation 5 minutes 51 seconds, 7 minutes 09 seconds, and 3 minutes 32 seconds. Conclusions We computed proficiency levels for 3 simulated cases of EVAR using a VR simulator. Our next step is to determine whether surgical residents can reach this level. Translational research will then be required to assess the impact of such training on real patients.Objective This study aimed to determine the emotional intelligence (EI) of surgical faculty and evaluate its relationship with resident evaluations of faculty behaviors. Design This study retrospectively collected faculty EI scores as well as general surgery resident evaluations of faculty. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis. Setting The study was conducted at the University of Texas Southwestern in the Department of Surgery in Dallas, Texas. This is an academic, tertiary care center. Participants Surgical faculty members at a single institution in 2018 completed the Emotional Intelligence Appraisal, a 28-item, electronic assessment with possible scores ranging from zero to 100. Aggregate, anonymous resident evaluations of faculty members were collected from the program director's office. Faculty with fewer than 8 resident evaluations were excluded. Results In total, 59 faculty members participated (89%). The sample was mostly white (69.2%), male (63.5%), with an average of 47 ± 10 years of age, 12.