Recently, quantum rods (QRs) have been studied heavily for display and lighting applications. QRs offer serious advantages over the quantum dots such as higher light out-coupling coefficient, and polarized emission. The QR enhancement films double liquid crystal display efficiency. However, it is still a challenge to synthesize good quality green (λem ≈ 520 nm) and blue (λem ≈ 465 nm) emitting QRs, due to very large bathochromic shift during the shell growth. Furthermore, until now, the presence of cadmium in high-quality QRs is inevitable, but due to its toxicity, RoHS has restricted the amount of cadmium in consumer products. In this article, low Cd core-shell QRs, with a narrow-band luminescence spectrum tuned in the whole visible range, are prepared by replacing Cd with Zn in a one-pot post-synthetic development. These QRs possess the good thermal stability of photoluminescence properties, and therefore, show high performance for the on-chip LED configuration. The designed white LEDs (WLEDs) are characterized by a high brightness of 120000 nits, and color gamut covering 122% NTSC (90% of BT2020), in the 1931CIE color space. Additionally, these LEDs show a high luminous efficiency of 115 lm W-1 . Thus, these quantum rod LED are perfectly viable for display backlighting and lighting applications.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid plaques and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane, which may be involved in the progression of AD. Glycans are essential building blocks of EVs, and we hypothesized that EV glycans may reflect pathological conditions of various diseases. Here, we performed glycan profiling of EVs prepared from sera of three AD patients (APs) compared to three healthy donors (HDs) using lectin microarray. Distinct glycan profiles were observed. Mannose-binding lectins exhibited significantly higher signals for AP-derived EVs than HD-derived EVs. Lectin blotting using mannose-binding lectin (rPALa) showed a single protein band at ~ 80 kDa exclusively in AP-derived EVs. LC-MS/MS analysis identified a protein band precipitated by rPALa as CD61, a marker of platelet-derived exosomes (P-Exo). Sandwich assays using Tim4 with specificity for phosphatidylserine on EVs and antibodies against P-Exo markers (CD61, CD41, CD63, and CD9) revealed that P-Exo is significantly elevated in sera of APs (n = 16) relative to age- and sex-matched HDs (n = 16). Tim4-αCD63 showed the highest value for the area under the curve (0.957) for discriminating APs from HDs, which should lead to a better understanding of AD pathology and may facilitate the development of a novel diagnostic method for AD.Cells are complex machines whose behaviors arise from their internal collection of dynamically interacting organelles, supramolecular complexes, and cytoplasmic chemicals. The current understanding of the nature by which subcellular biology produces cell-level behaviors is limited by the technological hurdle of measuring the large number (>103 ) of small-sized ( less then 1 μm) heterogeneous organelles and subcellular structures found within each cell. In this review, the emergence of a suite of micro- and nano-technologies for studying intracellular biology on the scale of organelles is described. Devices that use microfluidic and microelectronic components for 1) extracting and isolating subcellular structures from cells and lysate; 2) analyzing the physiology of individual organelles; and 3) recreating subcellular assembly and functions in vitro, are described. The authors envision that the continued development of single organelle technologies and analyses will serve as a foundation for organelle systems biology and will allow new insight into fundamental and clinically relevant biological questions.
  To identify discrete clusters of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients based on symptoms and investigate differences across clusters.
 
  Data were collected in the United States of America and five European countries via the Adelphi Real World Lupus Disease Specific Programme™, a cross-sectional survey.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Nolvadex.html  Rheumatologists provided data for five consecutively consulting adult patients with SLE, who were invited to participate. Identified SLE symptoms were reduced to factors based on commonly concurrent symptoms, using principal-component factor analysis. Factors were used as covariates in a latent class cluster analysis to identify discrete patient clusters. Patient-reported outcomes and physician-reported data were compared across clusters.
 
  Among 1,376 patients, 87% of patients were female and 74% of patients were white. We identified four patient clusters ("very mild", "mild", "moderate", "severe") based on 39 signs/symptoms. Physician-reported symptom burden, organ involvement, disease activity and nuassociations between increased impairment, organ involvement and humanistic burden in SLE, highlighting unmet need for effective treatment options in high disease activity patients.
  Cryoballoon (CB)-guided ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) is established in symptomatic AF patients. This study sought to determine the safety and efficacy of CB pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in young adults.
 
  A total of 93 consecutive patients aged <45 years referred to our center for AF ablation were included in this observational study. All patients received CB-guided PVI according to a standardized institutional protocol. Follow-up was performed in our outpatient clinic using 72-h Holter monitoring and periodic telephone interview. Recurrence was defined as any AF/atrial tachycardia (AT) episode >30 s following a 3-month blanking period. A propensity matched control group consisting of patients older than 45 years were used for further evaluation. Mean age was 35 ± 7 years, 22% suffered from persistent AF, 85% were male. Mean follow-up was 2.6 ± 2 years. At the end of the observational period, 83% of patients were free of any AF/AT episodes. There was an excellent overall 12-month success rate of 92%.