https://www.selleckchem.com/products/unc0642.html These protective effects in vivo and hypoglycemic activity of CD-1 were also observed in diabetic db/db mice. These findings have great significance in revealing the antidiabetic mechanisms of procyanidin oligomers and paving the way for their application in the treatment of diabetes.A direct enantioselective acylation of α-amino C(sp3)-H bonds with carboxylic acids has been achieved via the merger of transition metal and photoredox catalysis. This straightforward protocol enables cross-coupling of a wide range of carboxylic acids, one class of feedstock chemicals, with readily available N-alkyl benzamides to produce highly valuable α-amino ketones in high enantioselectivities under mild conditions. The synthetic utility of this method is further demonstrated by gram scale synthesis and application to late-stage functionalization. This method provides an unprecedented solution to address the challenging stereocontrol in metallaphotoredox catalysis and C(sp3)-H functionalization. Mechanistic studies suggest the α-C(sp3)-H bond of the benzamide coupling partner is cleavage by photocatalytically generated bromine radicals to form α-amino alkyl radicals, which subsequently engages in nickel-catalyzed asymmetric acylation.We report an array-level inverse design approach to optimize the beam steering performance of active metasurfaces, thus overcoming the limitations posed by nonideal metasurface phase and amplitude tuning. In contrast to device-level topology optimization of passive metasurfaces, the outlined system-level optimization framework relies on the electrical tunability of geometrically identical nanoantennas, enabling the design of active antenna arrays with variable spatial phase and amplitude profiles. Based on this method, we demonstrate high-directivity, continuous beam steering up to 70° for phased arrays with realistic tunable antenna designs, despite nonidealities such as strong covariation of scattered