Objective The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of fat-soluble vitamin injection on plasma and tissue vitamin status in nursery pigs. Methods A total of 16 pigs (initial body weight 7.15 ± 1.1 kg) were allotted to 2 treatments at d 7 post-weaning. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet with no supplemental vitamin A and i.m. injected with 300,000 IU of retinyl palmitate, 900 IU of d-α-tocopherol and 30,000 IU of vitamin D3 with control pigs having no vitamin injection. Blood (d 0, 3, 7, and 14 post-injection) and tissue samples (liver, brain, heart, lung and muscle; d 7 and 14 post-injection) were collected from pigs. Retinyl palmitate, retinol, and α-tocopherol concentrations were analyzed in plasma and tissues, while plasma was assayed for 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3). Results Plasma retinol and 25-OHD3 concentrations increased by the vitamin injection from d 3 to 14 post-injection (p less then 0.05) whereas plasma retinyl palmitate was detected only in the vitamin treatment at d 3 and 7 post-injection (115.51 and 4.97 µg/mL, respectively). Liver retinol, retinyl palmitate, and retinol+retinyl palmitate concentrations increased by retinyl palmitate injection at d 7 and 14 post-injection (p less then 0.05) whereas those were not detected in the other tissues. The d-α-tocopherol injection increased α-tocopherol concentrations in plasma at d 3 and 7 post-injection (p less then 0.05) and in liver, heart (p less then 0.10), and muscle (p less then 0.05) at d 7 post-injection. Conclusion Fat-soluble vitamin injection increased plasma status of α-tocopherol, retinol, retinyl palmitate and 25-OHD3. As plasma levels decreased post-injection, vitamin A level in liver and vitamin E level in muscle, heart and liver increased. The α-tocopherol found in plasma after injection was distributed to various tissues but retinyl palmitate only to the liver.Objective A comprehensive study was conducted to study the effects of partition of variance on accuracy of genetic parameters and genetic trends of economic traits in Vanaraja male line (PD-1) chicken. Methods Variance component analysis utilizing REML animal model was carried out with five generations data to delineate the population status, direct additive, maternal genetic, permanent environmental effects, besides genetic trends and performance of economic traits in PD-1 chicken. Genetic trend was estimated by regression of the estimated average breeding values (BV) on generations. Results The body weight (BW) and shank length (SL) varied significantly (P≤0.01) among the generations, hatches and sexes. The Least squares mean (LSM) of SL at six weeks, the primary trait was 77.44±0.05 mm. All the production traits, viz., body weights, age at sexual maturity (ASM), egg production (EP) and egg weight (EW) were significantly influenced by generation. Model four with additive, maternal permanent environmental and residual effects was the best model for juvenile growth traits, except for zero day body weight. The heritability estimates for BW and SL at six weeks (SL6) were 0.20±0.03 and 0.17±0.03, respectively.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bpv-hopic.html  The breeding value (BV) of SL6 in the population increased linearly from 0.03 to 3.62 mm due to selection. Genetic trend was significant (p≤ 0.05) for SL6, body weight and production traits. The average genetic gain of EP40 for each generation was significant (p≤ 0.05) with an average increase of 0.38 eggs per generation. The average inbreeding coefficient was 0.02 in PD-1 line. Conclusion The population was in ideal condition with negligible inbreeding and the selection is quite effective with significant genetic gains in each generation for primary trait of selection. The animal model minimized the over-estimation of genetic parameters and improved the accuracy of the BV, thus enabling the breeder to select the suitable breeding strategy for genetic improvement.Objective This study assessed the effect of different levels of xylanase, β-glucanase and phytase on intestinal enzyme activities and tibia bone development in broiler chickens fed wheat-based diets. Methods Twelve experimental diets were formulated using a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design (three doses of phytase and two doses of both xylanase and β-glucanase) and offered to 648 day-old Ross 308 male chicks having 6 replicates groups with 9 birds per replicate and lasted for 35 days. Results An interaction between the enzymes products improved (p less then 0.01) the activity of chymotrypsin. Protein content at d10 was highest (p less then 0.001) with addition of phytase while general proteolytic activity (GPA) (p less then 0.02) and lipase activity (p less then 0.001) were decreased. At d24, there were improvements in protein content (p less then 0.01) and lipase (p less then 0.04) with supplementation of superdose phytase. Addition of superdose phytase decreased in chymotrypsin (p less then 0.02), trypsin (p less the results obtained in this study, supplementation of superdose phytase was the most effective, however, the cost-benefit analysis of the use of such a dose needs to be evaluated.Objective The aim of this study was to ascertain the effects of adding green tea extract to skim milk-egg yolk (SM-EY) extender on both the quality of post-thawed bull semen and the pregnancy rates of the recipient cows. Methods Twelve ejaculates from four Simmental bulls, aged 3-5 years and weighing 900-950 kg, were diluted SM-EY extender, added with 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 mg green tea extract (GTE)/100 ml extender and then frozen. After four weeks storage in liquid nitrogen, the sperm were thawed and evaluated for viability, motility, intact plasma membrane (IPM), and DNA fragmentation. Meanwhile, the estrus cycles of 48 recipient cows were synchronized by intramuscular administration of a single injection of 5 mg PGF2α. Estrus cows were divided into four equal groups and inseminated artificially 18-20 h after the onset of estrus by using semen from each extender group. Pregnancy was diagnosed by measuring serum progesterone levels at 21 days, followed by transrectal palpation 90 days after insemination. Results The findings revealed that adding 0.