https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lipofermata.html 89 and the visual analog scale score for patient satisfaction averaged 79.3 at final follow-up. Signs of mild subtalar arthritis were seen in 6 patients. No secondary subtalar fusions were needed. When recognized and treated early, prognosis of calcaneal fracture-dislocation was favorable. A dislocation approach starting over the distal fibula, continuing over the sinus tarsi, and extending toward the calcaneocuboid joint allowed for adequate visualization of the subtalar joint and treatment of all components of the injury. Level IV, retrospective case series. Level IV, retrospective case series. Blinding aims to minimize biases from what participants and investigators know or believe. Randomized controlled trials, despite being the gold standard to evaluate treatment effect, do not generally assess the success of blinding. We investigated the extent of blinding in back pain trials and the associations between participant guesses and treatment effects. We did a review with PubMed/OvidMedline, 2000-2019. Eligibility criteria were back pain trials with data available on treatment effect and participants' guess of treatment. For blinding, blinding index was used as chance-corrected measure of excessive correct guess (0 for random guess). For treatment effects, within- or between-arm effect sizes were used. Analyses of investigators' guess/blinding or by treatment modality were performed exploratorily. Forty trials (3899 participants) were included. Active and sham treatment groups had mean blinding index of 0.26 (95% confidence interval 0.12, 0.41) and 0.01 (-0.11, 0.14), respectively, meaning 26% effect sizes. Blinding and sham treatment effects on back pain need due consideration in individual trials and meta-analyses. Participants in active treatments in back pain trials guessed treatment identity more correctly, while those in sham treatments tended to display successful blinding. Excessive correct guesses (that