https://www.selleckchem.com/mTOR.html Persistent disparities in academic performance may result from a confluence of adverse exposures accruing disproportionately to specific subpopulations. Our overarching objective was to investigate how multiple exposures experienced over time affect early childhood educational outcomes. We were specifically interested in whether there were racial/ethnic disparities in prevalence of adverse exposures; racial/ethnic disparities in associations observed between adverse exposures and early childhood educational outcomes; and interactions between exposures, suggesting that one exposure augments susceptibility to adverse effects of another exposure. We link geocoded North Carolina birth data for non-Hispanic white (NHW) and non-Hispanic black (NHB) children to blood lead surveillance data and 4th grade end-of-grade (EOG) standardized test scores (n=65,151). We construct a local, spatial index of racial isolation (RI) of NHB at the block group level. We fit race-stratified multi-level models of reading and matcompared to NHW children. Key adverse host, environmental, and social exposures accrue disproportionately to NHB children. Decrements in test scores associated with key adverse exposures were often but not always larger for NHB children, but were not significantly different from those estimated for NHW children. While we did not observe interactive effects, NHB children on average experience more deleterious combined exposures, resulting in larger decrements to test scores compared to NHW children.Rice consumption is a major dietary source of human exposure to arsenic (As), with As bioavailability being an important factor influencing its health risk. In this study, the As bioaccessibility was measured in 11 rice grains (140-335 μg As kg-1), which were compared to As relative bioavailability previously measured based on a mouse bioassay (Li et al., 2017). Using modified physiologically-based extraction test for rice (MPBET), As bi