Cognitive impairment (CI) is prevalent in COPD and is associated with poor health-related quality of life. Recovery of cognition following an acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), the impact of CI on pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) uptake and the effect of PR on CI are not fully understood.
 
  This 6-week prospective study analysed 67 people with stable COPD symptoms who completed PR (PR group) and the recovery of 45 people admitted for AECOPD (AECOPD group). All participants were assessed for cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]), health status (COPD Assessment Test, Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire), lower extremity function (Short Physical Performance Battery), and psychological well-being (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cnqx.html  Follow up assessments were carried out after a 6-week recovery post-discharge in AECOPD group and after PR in the PR group.
 
  AECOPD group showed no improvement in MoCA following a 6-week recovery post-discharge (Δ-0.8±3.2, p=0.205), despite improvements in all other clinical outcomes. PR uptake among the AECOPD group was not associated with the presence of CI (p=0.325). Participants in the PR group with CI at baseline showed a significant improvement in MoCA score following PR (Δ1.6±2.4, p=0.004).
 
  Cognition does not improve following 6-week recovery post-AECOPD, and CI may influence patients' response to PR referral as an inpatient. PR improves cognition in people with stable COPD symptoms and CI. People with AECOPD should be actively encouraged to attend PR irrespective of mild-moderate cognition but may require additional support or opportunities to take part.
 Cognition does not improve following 6-week recovery post-AECOPD, and CI may influence patients' response to PR referral as an inpatient. PR improves cognition in people with stable COPD symptoms and CI. People with AECOPD should be actively encouraged to attend PR irrespective of mild-moderate cognition but may require additional support or opportunities to take part.
  In the United States, 9 to 10 million Americans are estimated to be eligible for computed tomographic lung cancer screening (CTLS). Those meeting criteria for CTLS are at high-risk for numerous cardio-pulmonary co-morbidities. The objective of this study was to determine the association between qualitative emphysema identified on screening CTs and risk for hospital admission.
 
  We conducted a retrospective multicenter study from two CTLS cohorts Lahey Hospital and Medical Center (LHMC) CTLS program, Burlington, MA and Mount Auburn Hospital (MAH) CTLS program, Cambridge, MA. CTLS exams were qualitatively scored by radiologists at time of screening for presence of emphysema. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association between CT qualitative emphysema and all-cause, COPD-related, and pneumonia-related hospital admission.
 
  We included 4673 participants from the LHMC cohort and 915 from the MAH cohort. 57% and 51.9% of the LHMC and MAH cohorts had presence of CT emphysema, respectively. In the LHMC cohort, the presence of emphysema was associated with all-cause hospital admission (HR 1.15, CI 1.07-1.23; p<0.001) and COPD-related admission (HR 1.64; 95% CI 1.14-2.36; p=0.007), but not with pneumonia-related admission (HR 1.52; 95% CI 1.27-1.83; p< 0.001). In the MAH cohort, the presence of emphysema was only associated with COPD-related admission (HR 2.05; 95% CI 1.07-3.95; p=0.031).
 
  Qualitative CT assessment of emphysema is associated with COPD-related hospital admission in a CTLS population. Identification of emphysema on CLTS exams may provide an opportunity for prevention and early intervention to reduce admission risk.
 Qualitative CT assessment of emphysema is associated with COPD-related hospital admission in a CTLS population. Identification of emphysema on CLTS exams may provide an opportunity for prevention and early intervention to reduce admission risk.
  Low levels of adherence to asthma medication is reported in many countries worldwide. Improved knowledge of adherence in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is needed to address this major public healthcare burden.
 
  Assess the level of adherence in patients attending a routine consultation and the relationship between adherence, patient/disease characteristics, disease control, and quality of life.
 
  A large-scale cross-sectional epidemiological study was performed on adults suffering from asthma for at least 1 year and without an acute asthma episode within 4 weeks. Adherence was assessed using the MMAS-4 questionnaire©. Predictive factors of adherence were analyzed with logistic regressions.
 
  Overall 7203 eligible patients were included in 577 sites. Mean age was 45.4 years (±14.7), 57.2% were female, mean BMI was 28.5kg/m2 (±6.0), and 11% were active smokers. Good adherence was observed in 23.6% with a country effect (p<0.001). Higher age, higher SF-8 Mental component score, and high level of control were associated with good adherence (p<0.001). Patients treated with a fixed combination (ICS+LABA) have better adherence and patients treated with short-acting beta agonist alone have a lower adherence. Good adherence has been noted in 528 uncontrolled patients suggesting the existence of a subgroup difficult to treat and who have severe asthma.
 
  Asthma adherence in the MENA is unsatisfactory with less than one quarter of asthma patients having good adherence. This finding highlights the need to improve access to treatment, ensure better control follow-up and improved education among healthcare providers and patients.
 Asthma adherence in the MENA is unsatisfactory with less than one quarter of asthma patients having good adherence. This finding highlights the need to improve access to treatment, ensure better control follow-up and improved education among healthcare providers and patients.In the UK approximately 1.2 million people have COPD with around 25-40% being underweight and 35% have a severely low fat-free mass index. Measuring their body mass index is recommended and Health care professionals should endeavour to ensure that COPD patients are achieving their nutritional requirements. A narrative review summarizes evidence from 28 original articles identified through a systematic searches of databases, grey literature and hand searches covering 15 years, focusing on two themes, on the impact of malnutrition on COPD, and the management of malnutrition in COPD. Malnutrition causes negative effects on exercise and muscle function and lung function as well as increasing exacerbations, mortality and cost. Management options include nutritional supplementation which may increase weight and muscle function. Nutritional education has short-term improvements. Malnutrition affects multiple aspects of COPD, but treatment is of benefit. Clinical practice should include nutrition management.