Climate change is exacerbating drought and water stress in several global regions, including some parts of the United States. During times of drought in the U.S., municipal governments, private water suppliers and non-profits commonly deploy advocacy campaigns and incentive programs targeting reductions in residential water use through actions including repairing leaks, shutting off taps, and installing new water-saving appliances. We asked whether these campaigns have the potential to alleviate water stress during drought at the county scale by estimating the potential impact of full adoption of such actions. In 2010, we show that the maximum potential use reductions from these residential actions may only alleviate water stress in 6% (174) of U.S. counties. The potential impact of domestic programs is limited by the relative dominance of agriculture water withdrawal, the primary water user in 50% of U.S. counties. While residential actions do achieve some water demand savings, they are not sufficient to alter water stress in the majority of the continental U.S. We recommend redirecting advocacy efforts and incentives to individual behaviors that can influence agricultural water use.BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is highly prevalent in older adults and a growing cause of disability. Easily accessible first-line treatment of OA is increasingly important. Digital self-management programs have in recent years become available. Evidence of short-term effects of such programs are abundant, yet reports on long-term benefits and adherence to treatment are scarce. The current study's objective was to investigate the long-term pain and function outcomes of people with hip or knee OA participating in a digital self-management programme. METHODS AND FINDINGS In this longitudinal cohort study, individuals with hip and knee OA, from the register of a digital self-management program and with 0-24-week (n = 499) or 0-48-week adherence (n = 138), were included. The treatment effect in terms of monthly pain (NRS, 0-10 worst to best) and physical function (30-second chair stand test (30CST), number of repetitions) change were investigated using a mixed model, controlling for the effect of age, body mass iand increased physical function, in hip and knee OA. Future research should follow OA-related outcomes in participants that end their treatment to explore when and why that decision was made.OBJECTIVE This study aims to provide basic data on the types and frequency of chemical ingestions and the clinical outcomes of chemical ingestion injury. METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed the data obtained from the Emergency Department-Based Injury In-depth Surveillance of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (South Korea) from 2011 to 2016.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD2281(Olaparib).html  Patients ingesting chemicals aged ≥ 18 years were included, but those ingesting unknown chemical substances or with unknown clinical outcomes were excluded. RESULTS This study included 2,712 (47.2% were men and 52.8% were women, mean age, 47.05 years) patients ingesting chemicals. Unintentional and intentional ingestions were reported in 1,673 (61.7%) and 1,039 (38.3%), respectively. The most commonly ingested chemical substances were hypochlorites, detergents, ethanol, and acetic acid. In the unintentional ingestion group, the most common chemicals upon admission were hypochlorites (74), glacial acetic acid (60), and detergent (33). The admission rates were 60% for glacial acetic acid, 58.3% ethylene glycol, and 30.4% other alkali agents. In the intentional ingestion group, the most common chemicals upon admission were hypochlorites (242), glacial acetic acid (79), ethylene glycol (42), and detergent (41). The admission rates were 91.9% for glacial acetic acid, 87.5% ethylene glycol, 85.7% potassium cyanide, and 81.4% hydrochloric acid. In total, 79 deaths (10 unintentional ingestions, 69 intentional ingestion) were reported, and glacial acetic acid had an odds ratio of 9.299 for mortality. CONCLUSION We compared the intentional and unintentional ingestion groups, and analyzed the factors affecting hospital admission and mortality in each group. The types and clinical outcomes of chemical ingestion varied depending on the purpose of chemical ingestion. The findings are considered beneficial in establishing treatment policies for patients ingesting chemicals.Increasing traffic congestion and the advancements in technology have fostered the growth of alternative transportation modes such as dynamic ride-sharing. Smartphone technologies have enabled dynamic ride-sharing to thrive, as this type of transportation aims to establish ride matches between people with similar routes and schedules on short notice. Many automated matching methods are designed to improve system performance; such methods include minimizing process time, minimizing total system cost or maximizing total distance savings. However, the results may not provide the maximum benefits for the participants. This paper intends to develop an algorithm for optimizing matches when considering participants' gender, age, employment status and social tendencies. The proposed matching algorithm also splits unmatched parts of drivers' routes and creates new travel requests to find additional matches using these unmatched parts. Accordingly, this paper performs an extensive simulation study to assess the performance of the proposed algorithm. The simulation results indicate that route splits may increase the number of matches significantly when there is a shortage of drivers. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates the effects and potential benefits of utilizing a social compatibility score in the objective function.[This corrects the article DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0223148.].PURPOSE Malnutrition is prevalent in patients on dialysis and is associated with morbidity and mortality. Nutritional status can be assessed by a variety of biochemical and physical parameters or nutritional assessment scores. Most of these methods are expensive or cumbersome to use and are not suitable for routine repetitive follow-up in dialysis patients. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) has a short form screening set (MNA-SF), which would be suitable as a screening tool, but has not been validated yet in dialysis patients. We aimed to assess whether the MNA is an appropriate tool for identifying nutritional problems in dialysis patients. METHOD MNA, routine biochemistry, physical parameters, comorbidities were assessed in cross-sectional multicentric cohorts of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients with a longitudinal follow up of 2 years for mortality. RESULTS In this cohort of 216 patients, mortality was 27.3% at a follow up of 750±350 days. The mean MNA-SF score was 9.9±1.8, with 30.1%, 59.