MD or VN and the velocity of body oscillation with eyes open (p=0.0194). There were significant differences in the velocity of body oscillation with eyes open between MD and VN patients. The difference between MD and VN was significant regardless of the age distribution. To distinguish between MD and VN, the velocity of body oscillation with eyes open is a useful PG index. There were significant differences in the velocity of body oscillation with eyes open between MD and VN patients. The difference between MD and VN was significant regardless of the age distribution. To distinguish between MD and VN, the velocity of body oscillation with eyes open is a useful PG index. Childhood obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is underdiagnosed. The aim of this study was to assess the awareness level of OSA among parents in the general population of Guangdong province of South China. This descriptive epidemiological study was conducted from July to November 2019 using an anonymous questionnaire that evaluated the knowledge of OSA-related symptoms and complications. Exclusion criteria included age under 18 years, refusal to fill out the questionnaire, and a linguistic barrier. A total of 1123 respondents participated in the survey. Among them, 530 (47.2%) respondents were aware of childhood OSA. The most common source of information about childhood OSA was the internet (49.9%). On multivariate analysis, the respondents obtained higher scores if they were mothers (B -0.105, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.153,-0.057), lived in an urban area (B -0.077, 95% CI -0.125,-0.28), and knew about childhood OSA previously (B -0.55, 95% CI-0.598,-0.502). Parents demonstrated limited awareness of OSA complications. Innovative educational campaigns must be organized to inform medical practitioners and the general public about this disease and raise awareness about its complications. The effectiveness of the ongoing health education campaigns to increase awareness should be monitored by examining the temporal trends in public knowledge of childhood sleep apnea. Parents demonstrated limited awareness of OSA complications. Innovative educational campaigns must be organized to inform medical practitioners and the general public about this disease and raise awareness about its complications. The effectiveness of the ongoing health education campaigns to increase awareness should be monitored by examining the temporal trends in public knowledge of childhood sleep apnea. To explore the relationships among innovative atmosphere, innovative behavior, professional self-efficacy, professional identity, and professionalism of undergraduate nursing students in China. In lieu of the global shortage of nurses and low professional willingness of nursing students, innovative qualities are closely related to the professionalism of nurses. The participants of this cross-sectional study consisted of 320 nursing students recruited from the Nursing College of a comprehensive university in Jiangsu Province, China who voluntarily completed an anonymous questionnaire from May to October 2019. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bay-1000394.html Structural equation modeling analyses were performed. There was a positive correlation between all hypothetical pairwise variables (r=0.496-0.795, p<0.01). The final research model fits well. The results revealed that innovation atmosphere had a positive effect on innovative behavior and innovative behavior could affect nursing professionalism through self-efficacy and identity. Innovative education plays a very important role in the professionalism of undergraduate nursing students. Nursing educators can promote the development of professionalism in future nurses by fostering innovative behaviors. Innovative education plays a very important role in the professionalism of undergraduate nursing students. Nursing educators can promote the development of professionalism in future nurses by fostering innovative behaviors.This paper presents a mathematical model of blood volume kinetics and renal function in response to burn injury and resuscitation, which is applicable to the development and non-clinical testing of burn resuscitation protocols and algorithms. Prior mathematical models of burn injury and resuscitation are not ideally suited to such applications due to their limited credibility in predicting blood volume and urinary output observed in wide-ranging burn patients as well as in incorporating contemporary knowledge of burn pathophysiology. Our mathematical model consists of an established multi-compartmental model of blood volume kinetics, a hybrid mechanistic-phenomenological model of renal function, and novel lumped-parameter models of burn-induced perturbations in volume kinetics and renal function equipped with contemporary knowledge on burn-related physiology and pathophysiology. Using the dataset collected from 16 sheep, we showed that our mathematical model can be characterized with physiologically plausible parameter values to accurately predict blood volume kinetic and renal function responses to burn injury and resuscitation on an individual basis against a wide range of pathophysiological variability. Pending validation in humans, our mathematical model may serve as an effective basis for in-depth understanding of complex burn-induced volume kinetic and renal function responses as well as development and non-clinical testing of burn resuscitation protocols and algorithms. Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy is the preferred procedure for restoring vaginal vault prolapse. An assistant uses a vaginal manipulator to position and tension the vault such that the surgeon can dissect the bladder, rectum and vault to eventually suture a synthetic mesh used to suspend the vagina to the longitudinal anterior vertebral ligament. Vaginal vault manipulation requires application of high forces for long periods of time. This work quantifies the task by measuring and analyzing the interaction forces and the workspace during vaginal vault manipulation. From the measurements we developed a uniaxial model, expressing the increase in interaction force and stiffness of the vagina. By adapting the model parameters, the difference in interaction force and stiffness between moderate and severe prolapse is predicted. For moderate prolapse the average interaction force and stiffness start at 2.56N and 0.11Nmm in the tensionfree state, and go up to 20.14N and 0.53Nmm after complete insertion of the instrument.