B
  
  
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  shimming is an important method for mitigating B
  inhomogeneity in high-field MRI. Using independent power amplifiers for each transmit (Tx) element is the preferred method for B
  shimming but comes with a high cost. Conversely, the simplest approach to control a Tx array is by using coaxial cables of varying length in the Tx chain, but this approach is cumbersome and impractical for dynamic shimming. In this article, a system is described that enables dynamic, phase-only, eight-channel 
  
  
  
  B
  
  
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  steering on a 7T MR scanner with only two power amplifiers.
 
  Power dividers were utilized to first split the existing two-channel Tx signal into eight channels. Digitally controlled phase shifters on each channel were designed to provide independent phase shifts with a resolution of 22.5° (from 0°, 22.5° … 337.5°). To validate the system, an eight-channel body dipole array was simulated and constructed for bthout requiring independent power amplifiers for each channel, thus demonstrating the ability to perform dynamic B 1 + shimming with increased degrees of freedom but without significantly increased hardware cost.
  Food insecurity (FI) is a significant predictor of feelings of isolation in children, as well as suicide ideation and depression. Using a census of public middle school-aged children, we seek to determine whether FI is associated with suicide ideation and feelings of hopelessness and how individual and school community factors can alleviate or exacerbate this relationship.
 
  We analyzed data from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey, conducted statewide by the Vermont Department of Health and administered to all public middle schoolers (N=13,648). Questions were asked about FI, suicidal thoughts, feelings of hopelessness, perceptions of teaching and community care, physical activity, breakfast consumption, and demographics. Bivariate and cross-tabular analyses were conducted in SPSS, and regressions and Sobel tests were conducted in STATA.
 
  Results show that FI is associated with decreases in psychological well-being as measured by suicide ideation and feelings of hopelessness in students. However, students who reported eating breakfast regularly, feeling connected to their community or having a positive relationship with a teacher had significantly lower instances of suicide ideation and hopelessness.
 
  Suicide prevention programs should focus on enhancing community connection and student-teacher relationships and increasing funding for breakfast programs in schools.
 Suicide prevention programs should focus on enhancing community connection and student-teacher relationships and increasing funding for breakfast programs in schools.Rodent models of depression are useful for the investigation of cellular and neuronal mechanisms of antidepressant drugs and for the discovery of potential new targets. In this study, we examined the antidepressant-like effect of scopolamine, a non-selective muscarinic antagonist, in a genetic mouse model of depression obtained through a selective breeding strategy and called H/Rouen. In this model, we observed that scopolamine was active both in males and females at a lower dose (0.03 mg/kg) in the tail suspension test, 30 min following its administration, than observed in CD-1 mice.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/quinine-dihydrochloride.html  In addition, we showed this antidepressant-like effect was partly inhibited by an injection of 10 mg/kg of the AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX in both males and females, suggesting the antidepressant-like effect of scopolamine was mainly driven by AMPA receptors in the H/Rouen mouse line. Altogether, our results showed the high sensitivity of the H/Rouen mouse model of depression to study the antidepressant-like effects of pharmacological compounds.Plants alter their morphology and cellular homeostasis to promote resilience under a variety of heat regimes. Molecular processes that underlie these responses have been intensively studied and found to encompass diverse mechanisms operating across a broad range of cellular components, timescales and temperatures. This review explores recent progress throughout this landscape with a particular focus on thermosensing in the model plant Arabidopsis. Direct temperature sensors include the photosensors phytochrome B and phototropin, the clock component ELF3 and an RNA switch. In addition, there are heat-regulated processes mediated by ion channels, lipids and lipid-modifying enzymes, taking place at the plasma membrane and the chloroplast. In some cases, the mechanism of temperature perception is well understood but in others, this remains an open question. Potential novel thermosensing mechanisms are based on lipid and liquid-liquid phase separation. Finally, future research directions of high temperature perception and signalling pathways are discussed.
  Immune checkpoint inhibitors may variably impact patients with pre-existing autoimmune diseases.
 
  To evaluate the risks and outcomes of adverse events in patients with pre-existing inflammatory bowel diseases treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
 
  Through a systematic literature review up until July 31, 2020, we identified 12 studies reporting the impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors in 193 patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Outcomes of interest were relapse of inflammatory bowel disease, need for corticosteroids and/or biologics to manage inflammatory bowel disease relapse, and discontinuation of immune checkpoint inhibitors. We calculated pooled rates (with 95% confidence intervals [CI]) using random effects meta-analysis, and examined risk factors associated with adverse outcomes through qualitative synthesis of individual studies.
 
  On meta-analysis, 40% patients (95% CI, 26%-55%) experienced relapse of inflammatory bowel disease with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Among patients who expecorticosteroids and one-third requiring biologics. CTLA-4 inhibitors may be associated with higher risk of relapse.A quantitative risk analysis (QRA) concerning dangerous goods vehicles (DGVs), including also vehicles for the transport of liquid hydrogen (LH2 TVs), running through unidirectional motorway tunnels was performed. An event tree was built, and a wide parametric analysis based on different geometric and traffic characteristics of tunnels was carried out. The effects of the annual average daily traffic (AADT) per lane, the tunnel length (L), the percentage both of heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) and DGVs (for a given 7% of LH2 TVs) were investigated. The results in terms of social risk, as expressed by F/N curves and the expected value (EV), show an increased risk level with the presence of the hydrogen transported, and with certain F/N curves that might also lie above the acceptability limit. This means that additional safety measures should be implemented in order to reduce the risk level or that, alternatively, appropriate strategies of traffic control systems should be taken. A statistical modeling for developing a predictive method of the EV is also performed.