https://www.selleckchem.com/products/thiamet-g.html Karst aquifers are extremely vulnerable to pollution, including from nitrate. This research advances a systematic evaluation of water quality dynamics and processes in a relatively pristine karst flow system impacted by seasonal tourism, in particular migration and transformation of nitrate. Water samples from the Shuifang Spring basin (Jinfoshan Karst World Heritage Site, Chongqing, China) were collected for analysis of ion concentrations and dual nitrate isotopes. The principal sampling sites included untreated tap water from the Jinfoshan Holiday Hotel (JHH), JHH septic system effluent, discharged effluent at Sinkhole #1, and groundwater at Shuifang Spring (SFS, the resurgence of the basin). Sampling from April 2017 through April 2018 showed that higher nitrate concentrations were observed at SFS during busy tourist seasons that occurred in the summer drought and winter dry seasons. Between the septic system and SFS, nitrate was diluted by rainwater and infiltration from the matrix regions of the karst aqua range of karst settings.Extreme weather events are becoming more intense and frequent as a result of climate change. The modulation of hemato-physiological potential as a compensatory response to extreme warm events combined with different salinities is poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the hemato-physiological and molecular response of European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax exposed to extreme warm temperature (33 °C) after prior acclimatization at 32 psu, 12 psu, 6 psu, and 2 psu water. Fish were acclimated to 32 psu, 12 psu, 6 psu, and 2 psu followed by 10 days extreme warm (33 °C) exposure. Along with growth performance and survival, hemato-physiological response and molecular response of fish were recorded. Fish held at 32 psu and 2 psu exhibited significantly lower growth performance and survival than those at 12 psu and 6 psu (p less then 0.05). Red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit, and hemoglo