We report experimental results of low-energy electron interactions with.Cyanobacterial blooms triggered by eutrophication and climate change have become a global public health issue. The toxic metabolites microcystins (MCs) generated by cyanobacteria can accumulate in food chain and contaminate water, thus posing a potential threat to human and animals health. Studies have suggested that aside liver, the kidney may be another target organ of MCs intoxication. Therefore, this review provides various evidences on the nephrotoxicity of MCs. The review concludes that nephrotoxicity of MCs may be related to inhibition of protein phosphatases and excessive production of reactive oxygen species, cytoskeleton disruption, endoplasmic reticulum stress, DNA damage and cell apoptosis. To protect human from MCs toxic consequences, this paper also puts forward some directions for further research.Heme released from red blood cells targets a number of cell components including the cytoskeleton. The purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of free heme (20-300 µM) on human skeletal muscle fibres made available during orthopedic surgery. Isometric force production and oxidative protein modifications were monitored in permeabilized skeletal muscle fibre segments. A single heme exposure (20 µM) to muscle fibres decreased Ca2+-activated maximal (active) force (Fo) by about 50% and evoked an approximately 3-fold increase in Ca2+-independent (passive) force (Fpassive). Oxidation of sulfhydryl (SH) groups was detected in structural proteins (e.g., nebulin, α-actinin, meromyosin 2) and in contractile proteins (e.g., myosin heavy chain and myosin-binding protein C) as well as in titin in the presence of 300 µM heme. This SH oxidation was not reversed by dithiothreitol (50 mM). Sulfenic acid (SOH) formation was also detected in the structural proteins (nebulin, α-actinin, meromyosin). Heme effects on SH oxidation and SOH formation were prevented by hemopexin (Hpx) and α1-microglobulin (A1M). These data suggest that free heme has a significant impact on human skeletal muscle fibres, whereby oxidative alterations in structural and contractile proteins limit contractile function. This may explain and or contribute to the weakness and increase of skeletal muscle stiffness in chronic heart failure, rhabdomyolysis, and other hemolytic diseases. Therefore, therapeutic use of Hpx and A1M supplementation might be effective in preventing heme-induced skeletal muscle alterations.Nowadays, gold nanoparticles Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) capture great interest due to their chemical stability, optical properties and biocompatibility.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/incb28060.html  The success of technologies based on the use of AuNPs implies the development of simple synthesis methods allowing, also, the fine control over their properties (shape, sizes, structure). Here, we present the AuNPs fabrication by nanosecond pulsed laser ablation in citrate-solution, that has the advantage of being a simple, economic and eco-sustainable method to fabricate colloidal solutions of NPs. We characterized the stability and the absorbance of the solutions by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and the morphology of the AuNPs by Transmission Electron Microscopy. In addition, we used the AuNPs solutions as colorimetric sensor to detect the amount of glyphosate in liquid. Indeed, glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides which intensive use represents a risk to human health. The glyphosate presence in the colloidal AuNPs solutions determines the aggregation of the AuNPs causing the change in the color of the solution. The variation of the optical properties of the colloidal solutions versus the concentration of glyphosate is studied.Oral carcinogenesis involves the progression of the normal mucosa into potentially malignant disorders and finally into cancer. Tumors are heterogeneous, with different clusters of cells expressing different genes and exhibiting different behaviors. 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) and arecoline were used to induce oral cancer in mice, and the main factors for gene expression influencing carcinogenesis were identified through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into two groups a control group (receiving normal drinking water) and treatment group (receiving drinking water containing 4-NQO (200 mg/L) and arecoline (500 mg/L)) to induce the malignant development of oral cancer. Mice were sacrificed at 8, 16, 20, and 29 weeks. Except for mice sacrificed at 8 weeks, all mice were treated for 16 weeks and then either sacrificed or given normal drinking water for the remaining weeks. Tongue lesions were excised, and all cells obtained from mice in the 29- and 16-week treatment groups were clustered into 17 groups by using the Louvain algorithm. Cells in subtypes 7 (stem cells) and 9 (keratinocytes) were analyzed through gene set enrichment analysis. Results indicated that their genes were associated with the MYC_targets_v1 pathway, and this finding was confirmed by the presence of cisplatin-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines. These cell subtype biomarkers can be applied for the detection of patients with precancerous lesions, the identification of high-risk populations, and as a treatment target.The vagus nerve is responsible for efferent innervation and functional control of stomach functions. The efferent fibers originate from neurons located in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMX) and undergo functional control of the local neuroregulatory terminals. The aim of the present study was to examine the existence of morphological foundations for direct regulatory action of the local TH-immunoreactive neurons on parasympathetic efferent neurons supplying the prepyloric region of the porcine stomach. Combined injection of neuronal retrograde tracer Fast Blue into the stomach prepyloric region with TH immunostaining was used in order to visualize spatial relationship between DMX-located stomach prepyloric region supplying neuronal stomata and local TH-IR terminals. We confirmed existence of TH-immunoreactive neural terminals closely opposing the stomach prepyloric region innervating neurons at the porcine DMX area. The observed spatial relationship points out the possibility of indirect catecholaminergic control of the stomach function exerted through preganglionic parasympathetic efferent neurons in the pig.