Due to ecological reason, in the last period there is an increased interest for changing the synthetic based materials with biodegradable ones. In this study, we prepared bio-nanocomposite formulations based on κ-Carrageenan (κ) and bentonite nanoclay (BT) with different component concentrations (0% BT, 5% BT, 10% BT and 15% BT respectively) and investigated their structural features, with focus on the interactions, sorption properties, and how the combination between them influences these properties. By infrared spectroscopy was identified that in the blending process hydrogen bonds and/or electrostatic interactions may have occurred between BT and κ. The water uptake and water sorption ability decreased with the increasing of the BT content in the formulations, from about 12% for κ to 9% for κ-BT 8515% and from about 128% for κ to 121% for κ-BT 8515%, respectively. Water adsorption can significantly decrease if the reinforcement materials are homogenusly dispersed in the matrix. The increase of the BT content induced also a decrease of the water contact angle at the surface from 76o for κ to 27o for κ-BT 8515%. V.Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a high molecular weight glycoprotein that is used as a marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer and is therefore important in the medical field. In this study, a novel sandwich type immunoassay was designed based on encapsulation of biotinylated antibody into KCC-1-npr-NH2. KCC-1-npr-NH2 stabilized the stability of the primary antibody. So, encapsulated Ab1 was immobilized on the surface of glassy carbon electrode. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) was employed to monitor the sensor fabrication. The engineered immunosensor was used for the detection of PSA using differential pulse voltammetry (DPVs) and square wave voltammetry (SWVs) techniques. The proposed interface lead to enhancement of accessible surface area for immobilizing a high amount of anti-PSA antibody, increasing electrical conductivity, boosting stability, catalytic properties and biocompatibility. The intensity of electrochemical signals is also increased by the use of AuNPs functionalized with CysA used in secondary antibody (HRP conjugated PSA) structure. Under optimal conditions, the designed immuno-assay provide a good analytical performance for quantifying the PSA marker in the linear range of 1 to 60 μg/l. V.In this study, the antithrombotic protein, named DPf3, was purified from Pheretima guillelmi by ion-exchange chromatography. The protein pattern of DPf3 was mainly at 26-34 kDa; its two main proteins, DPf3 ID NO.1 and NO.2, were detected to be 36,121.745 Da and 24,485.004 Da consisting of 329 and 241 amino acids, respectively; the full covered protein sequences were consistent with Ac44553_g1_i1_1 and Dc43026_g1_i1_2 in our previous constructed P. guillelmi local database. The secondary structure of DPf3 is the mixture of α-helix (0.19), β-sheet (0.30) and random coil (0.51). DPf3 was predicted to possess a direct effect on fibrin, fibrinogen and plasminogen by protein-protein docking analysis, which was further confirmed by in vitro and ex vivo study. DPf3 was determined to possess antithrombotic ability by showing outstanding direct-hydrolysis ability on fibrin, fibrinogen and blood clot, and slight plasminogen activation activity. DPf3 could significantly prolong APTT and decrease fibrinogen content, indicating that DPf3 exerted antithrombotic activity via the intrinsic and/or common pathway, and the third coagulation phase. By this approach, the functional protein DPf3 was fully revealed and found to confer excellent anticoagulant and thrombolytic activity, and could be developed into a promising antithrombotic agent. V.To understand the mechanism through which cardaba banana starch is hydrolysed, the starch digestion kinetics of native and modified cardaba banana starch samples of Nigeria origin were investigated using an in vitro procedure. The digestion kinetics of the starch samples revealed the samples exhibited a biphasic digestogram. A second-order polynomial with an average coefficient of determinant (r2) of 0.7732 (p  less then  0.005) was used to segment the biphasic digestogram into two monophasic digestograms. The digestion kinetics parameters (average) obtained using a modified first-order model suggested the accuracy of the model in describing the digestogram. The values obtained for the initial and final digestion rate constant (initial, ki = 3-4 × 10-2 min-1; final kf = 6-8.3 × 10-2 min-1) revealed that the final monophasic segment had a faster rate of digestion after the initial resistant to digestion had been overcome. The logistic model approach in which the digestogram was carried out in a single process also accurately predicted the biphasic behaviours of the cardaba banana (average r2 = 0.9736, p  less then  0.05; root mean square of error, RMSE = 1.588). Weibull model was used for the first time to describe the biphasic approach of cardaba banana starch and according to the digestogram parameters obtained (average r2 = 0.9954, p  less then  0.05; root mean square of error, RMSE = 0.578), the model accurately predicts the biphasic digestogram. In comparison among the models, the Weibull model best described the biphasic digestogram of the cardaba banana starch. The maximum starch digestion obtained in each of the digestion approaches was less than 100% which is an indication of the presence of resistant starch. Gut microbiome evidenced as the assembling mode of action facilitates the relationship of environmental factors (such as diet and lifestyle) with colorectal cancer. The cytotoxic and anticancer studies of the enzymatically extracted polysaccharides from selected Indian seaweeds (such as S. wightii, E. compressa, and A.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/icec0942-hydrochloride.html  spicifera) on Raw 264.7 macrophage and HT-29 human colon cancer cell line were investigated. E. compressa showed nitric oxide production up to a concentration of 6.99 ± 0.05 μM. The polysaccharide extract of seaweed (PES), A. spicifera (100 μg/ml) had shown the highest in-vitro cytotoxicity effect on HT-29 cells up to 52.13 ± 1.4%. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) predictions were performed for exploring the possibility of anti-cancer drug development. The formulated synbiotic candy exhibited post storage survivability of probiotic species L. plantarum NCIM 2083 up to 107 CFU/ml until three weeks and it could be an aesthetic functional food for treating colon cancer.