https://www.selleckchem.com/products/muramyl-dipeptide.html Polarization adjusted convolutional (PAC) codes are a class of codes that combine channel polarization with convolutional coding. PAC codes are of interest for their high performance. This paper presents a systematic encoding and shortening method for PAC codes. Systematic encoding is important for lowering the bit-error rate (BER) of PAC codes. Shortening is important for adjusting the block length of PAC codes. It is shown that systematic encoding and shortening of PAC codes can be carried out in a unified framework.We revise and slightly generalize some variational problems related to the "informational approach" in the classical optimization problem for automatic control systems which was popular from 1970-1990. We find extremals for various degenerated (derivative independent) functionals and propose some interpretations of obtained minimax relations. The main example of such functionals is given by the Gelfand-Pinsker-Yaglom formula for the information quantity contained in one random process in another one. We find some balance relations in a linear stationary one-dimensional system with Gaussian signal and interpret them in terms of Legendre duality. Women graduated and engaged in the scientific world are in increasing numbers. The present study aimed to analyze the gender difference in nursing scientific publication and to understand the trend in nursing science is the same or different to that reported in other scientific disciplines. We considered the first name in the authorship of the highest impacted factor journals related of year 2019 in the Web of Science database for the period 2015-2019, as the International Journal of Nursing Studies (IJNS) and the Nursing Outlook (NO). Considering the proposed economic classification of the "World bank", weassessed the gender of the first authors searched with the relative degree of wealth of their countries thanks to the chi square test. From 1st Janua