https://www.selleckchem.com/mTOR.html Untreated infectious aneurysms of native coronary artery and aortocoronary bypass grafts are associated with high mortality.[1] Early diagnosis proves difficult given non-specific presenting symptoms, however once recognized, early intervention is essential to mitigate complications such as myocardial ischemia or pericardial tamponade. In this case report, we describe the successful surgical management of a patient who presented two months after diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia with cardiogenic shock from rupture of an infected saphenous vein graft aneurysm resulting in pericardial tamponade. Injection drug use associated infective endocarditis (IDU-IE) is a growing epidemic. The objective of this survey is to identify the beliefs and practice patterns of Canadian cardiac surgeons regarding surgical management of IDU-IE. A 30-question survey was developed by a working group and distributed to all practicing adult cardiac surgeons in Canada and data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. A total of 94 of 146 surgeons completed the survey (64%). Half of surgeons (49%) would be less likely to operate on patients with IE if associated with IDU. In the case of prosthetic valve IE due to continued IDU, 36% were willing to re-operate once and 14% were willing to re-operate twice or more. Most surgeons (73%) required commitments from patients prior to surgery and most (81%) referred their patients to addictions services. Some surgeons would offer a Ross procedure (10%) or homograft (8%) for aortic valve IE and 47% would consider temporary mechanical circulatory support. While only 17% of surgeons worked at an institution with an endocarditis team, 71% agreed that there is a need for one at each institution. Most surgeons (80%) supported the development of IDU-IE specific guidelines. Practice patterns and surgical management of IDU-IE varies considerably across Canada. Areas of clinical unmet needs include the developmen