Tree stump appendicitis soon after laparoscopic appendectomy; laparoscopic administration and also literature review.
 Background Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is emerging as a surrogate sample type for mutation analyses. We investigated the suitability of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and plasma as a biomaterial for analyzing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation by peptide nucleic acid (PNA) clamping-assisted fluorescence melting curve (PANAMutyper™) analysis.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly333531.html  Methods Matched tissue, MPE cell block (MPE-CB), MPE supernatant, and plasma samples were collected from patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma who had a MPE at the time of diagnosis. EGFR mutation was assessed by PANAMutyper™. Results Mutation analyses in matched tumor tissues, MPE-CB, MPE supernatant, and/or plasma samples were available for 67 patients. In comparison with tumor tissue and MPE-CB, MPE supernatant exhibited 84.4% sensitivity, 97.1% specificity, 96.4% positive predictive value (PPV), and 87.2% negative predictive value (NPV). In the same comparison, plasma exhibited 70.6% sensitivity, 100.0% specificity, 100.0% PPV, and 73.7% NPV. When sorted by mutation type, MPE supernatant had better sensitivity than plasma for the detection of two major EGFR mutations 93.8% vs.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly333531.html  75.0% for exon 19 deletion and 73.3% vs. 60.0% for L858R. Conclusions In this cohort of patients with MPEs, MPE supernatant demonstrated superior diagnostic performance compared with plasma using a PNA-based real-time PCR method.Background The sensitivities and specificities of C-reactive protein (CRP) and faecal calprotectin (fCal), as recommended for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) diagnosis and monitoring, are low. Our aim was to discover new stool protein/peptide biomarkers for diagnosing IBD. Methods For peptides, MALDI-TOF/MS (m/z 1000-4000) was performed using stools from an exploratory (34 controls; 72 Crohn's disease [CD], 56 ulcerative colitis [UC]) and a validation (28 controls, 27 CD, 15 UC) cohort. For proteins, LTQ-Orbitrap XL MS analysis (6 controls, 5 CD, 5 UC) was performed. Results MALDI-TOF/MS spectra of IBD patients had numerous features, unlike controls. Overall, 426 features (67 control-associated, 359 IBD-associated) were identified. Spectra were classified as control or IBD (absence or presence of IBD-associated features). In the exploratory cohort, the sensitivity and specificity of this classification algorithm were 81% and 97%, respectively. Blind analysis of the validation cohort confirmed 97% specificity, with a lower sensitivity (55%) paralleling active disease frequency. Following binary logistic regression analysis, IBD was independently correlated with MALDI-TOF/MS spectra (p  less then  0.0001), outperforming fCal measurements (p = 0.029). The IBD-correlated m/z 1810.8 feature was a fragment of APC2, homologous with APC, over-expressed by infiltrating cells lining the surface in UC or the muscularis-mucosae in CD (assessed by immunohistochemistry). IBD-associated over-expressed proteins included immunoglobulins and neutrophil proteins, while those under-expressed comprised proteins of the nucleic acid assembly or those (OLFM4, ENPP7) related to cancer risk. Conclusions Our study provides evidence for the clinical utility of a novel proteomic method for diagnosing IBD and insight on the pathogenic role of APC. Moreover, the newly described IBD-associated proteins might become tools for cancer risk assessment in IBD patients.Background Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) has been used for more than 30 years. Compared with other analytical techniques, it offers ease of use, high throughput, robustness, cost-effectiveness, rapid analysis and sensitivity. As advantages, current clinical techniques (e.g. immunoassays) are unable to directly measure the biomarker; rather, they measure secondary signals. MALDI-MS has been extensively researched for clinical applications, and it is set for a breakthrough as a routine tool for clinical diagnostics. Content This review reports on the principles of MALDI-MS and discusses current clinical applications and the future clinical prospects for MALDI-MS. Furthermore, the review assesses the limitations currently experienced in clinical assays, the advantages and the impact of MALDI-MS to transform clinical laboratories. Summary MALDI-MS is widely used in clinical microbiology for the screening of microbial isolates; however, there is scope to apply MALDI-MS in the diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic drug monitoring and biopsy imaging in many diseases. Outlook There is considerable potential for MALDI-MS in clinic as a tool for screening, profiling and imaging because of its high sensitivity and specificity over alternative techniques.Background Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine abnormalities in women. Due to the side effects of drugs, the tendency to use natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents to regulate metabolism, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia in PCOS patients has been increased. This review aimed to investigate the role of herbal substances on the treatment of PCOS. Methods The present review was carried out using keywords such as polycystic ovary syndrome and/or PCOS and/or herb. Databases including Web of Science, PubMed, and Science Direct were used to collect all related articles published from 1990 to 2019. We excluded studies unrelated to the PCOS and medical herbs. Results Overall, 361 records were identified through database searching. After primary screening and the full-texts assessment, 323 records were excluded, and 38 articles were finally included. The results indicate that some medicinal herbs may have a key role in treating PCOS. The compounds in these medical herbs can affect lipid profiles (Aloe vera, chamomile, and cinnamon), insulin resistance (cinnamon, chamomile, Aloe vera, and Camellia sinensis), blood glucose (Aloe vera, cinnamon, and Camellia sinensis), hormones (Aloe vera, silymarin, chamomile, fenugreek, Camellia sinensis, Heracleum persicum, Potentilla, Mentha spicata, Foeniculum vulgar, licorice, and Marrubium), and ovarian tissue (Aloe vera, chamomile, Camellia sinensis, Mentha spicata, and silymarin). Conclusion Natural substances such as Aloe vera, cinnamon, green tea, fenugreek, and silymarin can be used as a new supportive care for PCOS. Further clinical trials are warranted to confirm their benefits and safety.