7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 60.1-96.0%) and a specificity of 84.6% (CI 60.1-96.0%); hepatic native T1 yielded a sensitivity of 85.7% (CI 60.1-96.0%); and a specificity of 76.9% (CI 49.7-91.8%). Diagnostic performance of hepatic ECV (area under the curve (AUC) 0.885), native hepatic T1 (AUC 0.846) for assessment of significant fibrosis was similar compared to clinical fibrosis scores (APRI (AUC 0.852), FIB-4 (AUC 0.758), and AAR (0.654)(P >0.05 for each comparison)).
 
  Quantitative mapping parameters such as T1 and ECV can identify significant fibrosis in AIH patients.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/10-dab-10-deacetylbaccatin.html  Future studies are needed to explore the value of parametric mapping for the evaluation of different disease stages.
 Quantitative mapping parameters such as T1 and ECV can identify significant fibrosis in AIH patients. Future studies are needed to explore the value of parametric mapping for the evaluation of different disease stages.
  To investigate temporal changes in the utilization and patient impact of abdominal CT during duty shifts in the past 15years.
 
  This study included a random sample of 1761 abdominal CT scans that were made during evening and night duty shifts in a tertiary care center between 2005 and 2019.
 
  The number of CT scans significantly increased (almost threefold) between 2005 and 2019 (Mann-Kendall tau of 0.829, P < 0.001). The proportion of negative CT scans (i.e., the absence of findings related to the reason that the CT scan was made and no disease deterioration or other new and clinically relevant findings compared to a previous imaging examination when available) was 40.0% (700/1749) in the entire 15-year study frame and did not significantly change over time (Mann-Kendall tau of - 0.219, P = 0.276). The overall frequency of same-day hospital discharge after negative CT was 20.6% (150/729) in the past 15years and showed a significant increase over time (Mann-Kendall tau of 0.505, P = 0.010). The overall proportion of CT scans with incidental findings was 3.4% (60/1761) and remained statistically stable over the past 15years (Mann-Kendall tau of - 0.057, P = 0.804).
 
  Over the past 15years, the number of CT scans and the frequency of same-day hospital discharge after negative CT have increased, while the proportions of negative CT scans and incidental findings have remained stable in our tertiary care center. The data from this study can be used for interinstitutional benchmarking to define, monitor, and improve the appropriateness of imaging utilization.
 Over the past 15 years, the number of CT scans and the frequency of same-day hospital discharge after negative CT have increased, while the proportions of negative CT scans and incidental findings have remained stable in our tertiary care center. The data from this study can be used for interinstitutional benchmarking to define, monitor, and improve the appropriateness of imaging utilization.
  Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) occur in different forms and are generally diagnosed using muscle biopsy. Among the available anesthetic management options for infants with a suspected NMD are general anesthesia (GA) and regional anesthesia (RA), including spinal anesthesia (SA). Anesthesia selection is often challenging from the point of potential airway risks and anesthetic drug-related complications.
 
  A 6-month-old male infant repeatedly underwent endotracheal intubation and extubation after birth because of respiratory muscle weakness and copious secretions. He was suspected of having NMD and was scheduled for muscle biopsy. His generalized hypotonia and decreased respiratory function presented a potentially difficult airway and complicated the selection of an appropriate anesthetic method. We selected SA and dexmedetomidine, which are safe for infants.
 
  We report the successful and effective anesthetic management of SA and dexmedetomidine in an infant with a suspected NMD.
 We report the successful and effective anesthetic management of SA and dexmedetomidine in an infant with a suspected NMD.
  Population pharmacokinetics with Bayesian forecasting provides for an effective approach when individualized drug dosing, while phenobarbital is a narrow therapeutic index drug that requires therapeutic drug monitoring. To date, several population pharmacokinetic models have been developed for phenobarbital, these showing a number of significant predictors of phenobarbital clearance and volume of distribution. We have therefore conducted a systematic review to summarize how these predictors affect phenobarbital pharmacokinetics as well as their relationships with pharmacokinetic parameters.
 
  A systematic search for studies of phenobarbital population pharmacokinetics that were carried out in humans and that employed a nonlinear mixed-effect approaches was made using the PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL Complete, and ScienceDirect databases. The search covered the period from these databases' inception to March 2020.
 
  Eighteen studies were included in this review, all of which used a one-compartment structure. The e models in a target population, an external evaluation of these models using the target population is warranted, and it is recommended that future research be conducted to investigate the link between population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
  Intra-medullary tumour length is accurately assessed on T1-weighted turbo spin echo (T1W TSE) MRI which can be relatively time consuming, whilst the gradient echo Dixon (T1W GrE Dixon) technique is a rapid sequence (imaging time ~ 30s). The aim of this study was to determine if the out-of-phase Dixon (OP T1W GrE Dixon) sequence can produce equivalent measurements of intra-medullary tumour length compared to the T1W TSE sequence.
 
  Tumour length was assessed in 90 patients undergoing MRI for staging of primary bone tumours with both T1W TSE and OP T1W GrE Dixon MRI sequences at 3T (n = 42) and 1.5T (n = 48). Tumour length was measured independently by different observers allowing assessment of inter-observer correlation, and the correlation between measurements on T1W TSE and OP T1W GrE Dixon sequences was also determined.
 
  There were 53 males and 37 females (mean age 36.4years; range 2-77years). Inter-observer correlation for tumour length on both the T1W TSE and T1W OP GrE Dixon sequences was very good (ICC = 0.