s.
  To evaluate the functional and histopathological results of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) and vitamin B12 on an experimental rat model of peripheral nerve injury.
 
  This research included 32 Wistar Hannover rats. The sciatic nerves of the animals were crushed using an aneurysm clamp. The rats were divided into 4 groups, as group 0 (the controls; no treatment), and groups B12, E, and B12+E, respectively. The rats were analyzed functionally, using the sciatic functional index (SFI), and histopathologically.
 
  In the functional analysis, it was determined that vitamin E was as influential as B12. Concomitant use of these 2 vitamins was found to be more beneficial. The SFI was significantly higher in the B12+E group when compared with that of the B12 group, which indicated that vitamin E improved the healing effects of vitamin B12. In the histopathological evaluation, vitamin E was not effective in the treatment of axonal degeneration (AxD) or edema/inflammation (EI) by itself. Although vitamin B12 was effectivee in the treatment of PNI, especially when combined with vitamin B12. It is our belief that the combination of these vitamins could be used in the treatment of PNI, especially after future studies have been conducted on humans.
  To evaluate the gram-negative nosocomial meningitis cases which were treated with intrathecal (IT) / intraventricular (IVT) antibiotics.
 
  Medical records were reviewed for IT/IVT antibiotherapy. Gram-negative nosocomial meningitis cases treated with IT/IVT antibiotherapy additional to systemic antibiotics were included. All patients? sex, age, SOFA scores, surgical history, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture results, CSF cell counts, systemic and IT/IVT antibiotics, their dosages and duration, CSF culture sterility and sterility time, 28-day mortality due to meningitis, and all other causes were recorded and analyzed.
 
  Thirteen patients were included between 2014 and 2018. Most common microorganism was Acinetobacter baumannii (A.baumannii) (8/13). IT/IVT antibiotics were chosen according to susceptibility. Colistin was used in eight patients, amikacin was used in four, and one patient used amikacin and colistin consecutively. Culture negativity could not be achieved in two patients. Eight patients clinically improved but five patients had no clinical response. 28-day mortality due to infection occured in 2 of 13 patients (15%). 28-day all-cause mortality occured in 3 of 13 patients (23%).
 
  In our study, CSF culture negativity rate was high. IT/IVT antibiotic therapy should be considered as an effective and acceptable treatment option, especially in patients who do not respond to standard IV antibiotherapy.
 In our study, CSF culture negativity rate was high. IT/IVT antibiotic therapy should be considered as an effective and acceptable treatment option, especially in patients who do not respond to standard IV antibiotherapy.
  To examine the implantation of chitosan channels stuffed with mesenchyme-originated stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) derived from adult rats in a spinal cord transection model. The level of axonal regeneration, the effect of chitosan channels on the survival of MSPCs, and the functional recovery results were also evaluated.
 
  Chitosan channels stuffed with MSPCs were implanted at the level of T8 in a transected rat spinal cord. MSPCs were harvested from the pelvic bone marrow of adult rats, and the MSPC?chitosan channel group was compared with three control groups. The axonal regeneration capacity, the effect of chitosan channels on the survival of MSPCs, and the functional recovery results were compared among four groups. The survival of MSPCs was evaluated using histopathological techniques and electron microscopy, axonal regeneration/germination was evaluated by confocal microscopy, and locomotor function was assessed for 4 weeks using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor score.
 
  The MSPC-chitosan channel group exhibited enhanced survival of transplanted MSPCs compared with MSPCs transplanted directly into the lesion cavity, although no significant difference was detected in locomotor function between the treatment and control groups.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/k03861.html  The MSPC-chitosan channel group demonstrated thicker myelination of axons than the other groups.
 
  Chitosan channels promoted the survival of transplanted MSPCs and created a tissue bridge after complete spinal cord transection. They also induced axonal regeneration and germination. No significant improvement in functional recovery was found between the groups.
 Chitosan channels promoted the survival of transplanted MSPCs and created a tissue bridge after complete spinal cord transection. They also induced axonal regeneration and germination. No significant improvement in functional recovery was found between the groups.
  To compare the clinical and radiological results of using synthetic bone graft versus autograft obtained from the spinous process in posterior lumbar interbody fusion.
 
  This retrospective study included 102 patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis who underwent one-segment posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) followed by one-segment posterior transpedicular instrumentation. PLIF surgery was performed using a local solid bone graft obtained from the spinous process in group A and using a synthetic solid calcium hydroxyapatite block in group B. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, degree of bone formation, intervertebral disc heights at the operation segment, wound infection, and instrumentation complications were compared between the 6-month and 5-year follow-ups.
 
  In both groups, ODI and VAS scores significantly improved at the 6-month and 5-year follow-up. Bone formation at both 6 months and 5 years were higher in group A than that in group B, but without a significant difference when compared. Moreover, the difference in maintaining the intervertebral disc heights was not significant between the two groups. Surgical wound infection more commonly occurred in group B, but without significant difference between the two groups, and rod fractures were observed in two patients in group B; however, no metal breakage was observed in group A.
 
  Successful fusion of the intervertebral space and intervertebral height restoration can be achieved and maintained with an autograft from the patient's spinous processes.
 Successful fusion of the intervertebral space and intervertebral height restoration can be achieved and maintained with an autograft from the patient's spinous processes.