RESULTS There was a statistically significant relationship between the serum Mg activities and the thyroid hormones between the study subjects and the control group. The activities of the serum Mg (1.72±0.33) in relation to the TSH (5.09±7.54) in the cases were found statistically significant (p less then 0.001) when compared to the serum Mg (1.8±0.20) in relation to the TSH in the control group (2.41±2.05). The activities of Mg were noted to fall in women through the peri (1.70±0.43), and postmenopausal age (1.60±0.34). There was a significant increase in the activities of TSH in women of premenopause (4.27±5.76), perimenopause (5.65±8.53), and postmenopausal age (7.19±11.07).  Conclusion From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the women reaching menopause could suffer from hypomagnesemia and inturn may develop thyroid and other hormonal disorders. Copyright © 2020, Kolanu et al.Objective  The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a long disease-free interval (at least 36 months from the first diagnosis of cancer) on survival in patients with brain oligometastases (maximum four lesions, no extracranial metastases). Methods This study involves a retrospective analysis in a group of 89 patients treated with different brain-directed approaches. Results We identified seven patients (8%) with an interval from cancer diagnosis to the development of brain metastases of at least 36 months. The median time interval was five months. The one-year survival rates were 80% (interval of at least 36 months) and 43% (shorter interval), respectively (p = 0.049). Correspondingly, a large difference in actuarial median survival was observed (39.9 months [95% confidence interval, 16.8-63.0 months] versus 9.7 months (95% confidence interval, 6.1-13.3 months). However, the two Kaplan-Meier curves were not statistically significantly different, p = 0.13. In addition to treatment-related differences, the two groups also differed with regard to the type of primary tumor (high versus low rates of non-small cell lung cancer) and gender. Conclusion Late dissemination was uncommon. The often applied strategy of effective local treatment for patients with brain-only oligometastases is warranted, especially if the disease-free interval had been at least 36 months. Larger studies are needed to fully understand the impact of confounding factors, such as gender and tumor biology. Copyright © 2020, Nieder et al.Dermatophytes are fungi that commonly cause superficial skin infections. While these rashes are typically benign and easily treated with topical antifungal medications, extensive presentations can indicate a more serious underlying immunodeficiency. We report on a teenage girl whose extensive rash led to a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency infection. Copyright © 2020, Brown et al.Introduction A bone fracture is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of the bone. One of the factors causing bone fractures is Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs), which is the first leading cause of death among people aged 15-29 years.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Dapagliflozin.html  This study aimed to determine the incidence of bone fractures among RTAs in Buraidah Central Hospital and to identify associations between gender, age, and fractures. Materials and methods This is a retrospective study and review of patients' medical records in Buraidah Central Hospital, of those who had an RTA in 2018 and 2019. The information taken included age, gender, and type of fracture. All patients with RTAs in the period between January 2018 and October 2019 were recruited and data were collected from patients' medical records. The data analysis was carried out using Statistical Packages for Software Sciences (SPSS) version 21 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Results There were 301 incidences of RTAs with fractured bones presented at Buraidah Central Hospital during the study period. Bilateral or multiple was the most commonly known sites of fractures. We also observed that the most commonly fractured bone among males was the femur (28.2%) while a humerus fracture was the most common among females (20.8%). Males were significantly higher in the younger age group (p less then 0.001). Additionally, the radius shaft was more associated with the younger age group (p=0.043) while the femur was more associated with the oldest age group (p=0.013). Conclusion Femur fractures were the most commonly known fractures among males while a humerus fracture was the most common fracture among females. In males, a fractured radius shaft and a fractured femur were the factors most associated with the age group. Copyright © 2020, Aloudah et al.Dumbbell spinal cord tumors are infrequent pathologic entities. The optimal approach to safe surgical resection is ill-defined and must often be individualized. This is assisted with multiple tumor classification systems. Here, we describe a novel technique used to safely and successfully resect a large thoracic dumbbell schwannoma originating from the left T3 spinal nerve root with extension into the posterior mediastinum adjacent to the parietal pleura and thoracic aorta. A review of the literature was performed to study described surgical approaches to primary spinal dumbbell tumors. The decision-making process and preoperative imaging for operative planning are included. A detailed description of the procedure follows with intraoperative images. Gross total resection with no neurologic sequelae was achieved. Previously described operative techniques for resection of primary spinal dumbbell tumors with advantages and limitations of each are then reviewed. Gross total resection was safely achieved utilizing a single-staged posterior retropleural approach with anterior thoracoscopic guidance. The tumor was removed en bloc through a large posterior window. The prone position was utilized for the entire case with no intraoperative repositioning required. No intraoperative or immediate postoperative complications occurred. We report a novel approach to resecting a large primary spinal dumbbell tumor. A single-stage retropleural approach with anterior thoracoscopic guidance facilitated safe and successful gross total resection. Maintenance of the prone position throughout surgery allowed for reduced operative time, excellent anterior, and posterior visualization and no added patient morbidity. Repositioning to the lateral decubitus position may not be required in select cases. Copyright © 2020, Sweeney et al.