Typhimurium in eggs were 92%, 2 × 103 cells/mL, and from 2 × 103 to 4 × 108 cells/mL, respectively. The as-developed approach can specifically distinguish S. Typhimurium from other bacteria and successful application to bacterial detection in eggs freshly purchased from supermarket and spoiled eggs upon inappropriate storage was demonstrated.In this study, a real-time target-recycled enzyme-free amplification strategy-based test (Trefas test) was developed for rapid, simple, isothermal, and highly sensitive microRNA (miRNA) detection. The Trefas relies on rationally designed sequence-specific hairpins (HPs, HP1 and HP2) and the strand displacement process completely free of environment-susceptible enzymes, enhancing the stability and reproducibility of the test. In the absence of target miRNA, the HP2, modified with a fluorophore and a quencher, maintains stem-loop structure so that the fluorescent signal is quenched. However, in the presence of target miRNA, the target miRNA is repeatedly used to trigger continuous HP1-HP2 hybridizations, restoring fluorescence due to the opening of HP2. The developed miR-21 real-time Trefas test exhibited a broad linear dynamic range of 1 pM to 1 μM and a detection limit of 0.58 pM for miR-21 detection in vitro. In particular, the high specificity of the developed miR-21 real-time Trefas test was prominently exhibited by discriminating single base differences in miRNA sequences. Finally, the expression level of miR-21 in the cell lines and clinical tissues was evaluated by the developed miR-21 real-time Trefas test, and the detection results were highly consistent with the results obtained by stem-loop RT-PCR. In summary, our developed test exhibited great potential for further application in biomedical research and early clinical diagnosis.This study presents the development and application of a new analytical methodology for determination of free- and bound-carbonyl compounds (CC) (as the CC themselves and as the hydroxyalkylsulfonic acids - HASA, respectively) in airborne particles. Free- and bound-CC determination were done through reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) and analysis by UFLC-MS. The method was successfully validated, showing good figures for linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9937), sensibility (3 fg ˂ LOD ˂ 20 fg for methacrolein and heptanal, respectively) and repeatability (5.9% ˂ RSD ˂ 13%). The proposed method was successfully applied in real samples of inhalable atmospheric particulate matter (PM10) and urban dust certified reference material (SRM 1649 b). The main CC determined in the SRM 1649 b was formaldehyde (75.4 μg g-1 in the free form, and 1898 μg g-1 in the bound form). In addition, for the bound-CC form (HASA), concentrations were determined for acetaldehyde (60.3 μg g-1), acetone (20.5 μg g-1), acrolein (9.15 μg g-1), propionaldehyde (17.1 μg g-1) and valeraldehyde (12.2 μg g-1). For PM10 samples, formaldehyde (148 μg g-1) and acetaldehyde (28.9 μg g-1) were quantified as free aldehydes and as HASA (hydroxymethanelsulfonic acid and hydroxyethanesulfonic acid were 432 μg g-1 and 211 μg g-1, respectively). Other bound-CC were, on average, within 19.2 μg g-1 (acrolein) and 62.1 μg g-1 (valeraldehyde). For all samples, acetone, acrolein, propionaldehyde and valeraldehyde were quantified only as HASA (bound-CC). Therefore, we could identify and quantify six carbonyl compounds using the proposed method. It is worth mentioning the hydrolysis step was crucial for the correct quantification of the HASAs. This was, in turn, what enabled the quantification of a greater number of analytes in the airborne samples.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/turi.html  Hence, this procedure was found to be comprehensive, precise, accurate and suitable to be employed for determination of free-CC and HASA (bound-CC) in atmospheric particulate samples.Developing a specific and sensitive method for endogenous hydrazine detection in living systems is valuable to understand its various pathological events. In this work, two novel fluorescent chemosensors (C1, C3) based on triphenylamine Schiff-base derivative and reference dyes (C2, C4) were prepared in relatively high yield (more than 72% yield). The aggregation induced emission (AIE) properties of sensors were investigated through UV-Visible, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, fluorescence spectrophotometric analyses as well as scanning electron microscope images (SEM). The results indicated that probes C1 and C3 exhibited strong AIE property in DMF/H2O (11, v/v) mixture system with brilliant yellow fluorescence emission (560 nm) observed under 365 nm UV lamp. The experiments of sensing indicated that probes C1 and C3 possessed the sequentially detecting abilities for hydrazine with high sensitivity, specificity as well as an extremely low detection limit (55.1 nM), which was due to blocking of AIE process of probes C1 and C3 by special chemical reaction (-CHN- moiety transformed into -CH2-NH- group) after hydrazine addition, resulting in the increase in water solubility and a weak emission in aqueous media. Furthermore, 1H NMR, SEM and fluorescence titration experiment was also conducted to confirm the sensing mechanism. For biological application, probes C1 and C3 presented a good bio-imaging performance and showed the similar fluorescence quenching after adding hydrazine. Therefore, the probes are suitable for the fluorescence imaging of exogenous hydrazine in HeLa cells.Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are natural conjugates in the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells that result from the attachment of a glycolipid to the C-terminus of many proteins. GPI-APs play a crucial role in cell signaling and adhesion and have implications in health and diseases. GPI-APs and GPIs without protein (free GPIs) are found in abundance on the surface of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The detection of anti-GPI IgG and IgM antibodies allows differentiation between toxoplasmosis patients and healthy individuals using serological assays. However, these methods are limited by their poor efficiency, cross-reactivity and need for sophisticated laboratory equipment and qualified personnel. Here, we established a label-free electrochemical glycobiosensor for the detection of anti-GPI IgG and IgM antibodies in serum from toxoplasmosis seropositive patients. This biosensor uses a synthetic GPI phosphoglycan bioreceptor immobilized on screen-printed gold electrodes through a linear alkane thiol phosphodiester.