Anti-hypertensive and also cardioprotective actions regarding conventional Oriental medicine-derived polysaccharides: An assessment.
 PURPOSE The aim was to report cumulative incidence and time of onset of postoperative glaucoma in a paediatric early cataract surgery cohort. METHODS Data were retrieved from the Pediatric Cataract Register (PECARE), a prospective register of Swedish cataract operations before 8 years of age. All eyes with surgery between January 2007 and December 2014 and a registered follow-up were included. Cataracts caused by uveitis, trauma or coexisting congenital glaucoma were excluded. Glaucoma was defined as early onset if diagnosed within a year after surgery and late onset if diagnosed later. RESULTS The study included 288 eyes in 207 children (106 girls), 81 with bilateral and 126 with unilateral cataracts, with a mean follow-up of 3.31 ± 1.77 years. Of the 288, 168 (58.3%) had surgery before 3 months of age; most of these 92.3% (155/168) were defined as dense, 208 (72.2%) were below 1 year of age. Cumulative incidence of surgically treated glaucoma among individuals was 23.7% (49/207). Median time to glaucoma onset was 0.91 years (range 0.05-4.97 years) for eyes. Early-onset glaucoma was found in 98 % (63/64), and late onset in 2% (1/64). CONCLUSION In this paediatric cataract cohort, a majority of eyes had surgery before 3 months of age (58.3%). Secondary glaucoma-onset peaked within the first postoperative year, with a cumulative incidence of 23.7%. Surgery performed after the first month of life, resulted in a lower glaucoma rate. Long-term follow-up will reveal whether the low rate of late-onset glaucoma with early surgery will last, and if so, the consequences.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/azd9291.html  © 2020 The Authors. Acta Ophthalmologica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation.BACKGROUND/AIM Since children spend most of their time in school, some environmental characteristics of the schools may influence the occurrence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI). Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence of TDI in 12 years old children in Quito, Ecuador, and its association with some school environmental aspects. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six calibrated examiners evaluated 998 children from 31 public schools of Quito, to evaluate the occurrence of TDI in anterior teeth. School coordinators answered questionnaires on school physical conditions, promotion of health practices and the occurrence of negative episodes in school. The occlusion and socioeconomic status of the participants were also evaluated. Prevalence of TDI, unadjusted and adjusted by the design effect was calculated. Association between individual and contextual explanatory variables and presence of TDI were evaluated using multilevel Poisson regression analysis (p less then 0.05). RESULTS TDI prevalence adjusted by design effect was 20.7%. Children studying in schools with patio floor of grass and with access ramps had significantly lower prevalence of TDI than children studying in schools with patio floor of cement, and with only stairs, respectively. The prevalence of TDI was also lower in children from schools that offered healthy meals or that had a proper place for oral hygiene. CONCLUSIONS Schools with adequate physical structures and that promote health practices to their students have a lower prevalence of TDI. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Constitutional thinness (CT), a non-malnourished underweight state with no eating disorders, is characterized by weight gain resistance to high fat diet. Data issued from muscle biopsies suggested blunted anabolic mechanisms in free-living state. Weight and metabolic responses to protein caloric supplementation has not been yet explored in CT. METHODS A 2 week overfeeding (additional 600 kcal, 30 g protein, 72 g carbohydrate, and 21 g fat) was performed to compare two groups of CTs (12 women and 11 men) to normal-weight controls (12 women and 10 men). Bodyweight, food intake, energy expenditure, body composition, nitrogen balance, appetite hormones profiles, and urine metabolome were monitored before and after overfeeding. RESULTS Before overfeeding, positive energy gap was found in both CT genders (309 ± 370 kcal in CT-F and 332 ± 709 kcal in CT-M) associated with higher relative protein intake per kilo (1.74 ± 0.32 g/kg/day in CT-F vs. 1.16 ± 0.23 in C-F, P less then 0.0001; 1.56 ± 0.36 in CT-Mr suggested by the concordance of positive nitrogen balance and an increased urine excretion of several essential amino acids. This saturation cannot be overpassed by increasing this spontaneous high-protein intake suggesting a resistance to lean mass gain in CT phenotype. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders.Notch signaling and nuclear receptor PPARγ are involved in macrophage polarization, but crosstalk between them has not been reported in macrophages. In this study, the effect of Notch signaling on PPARγ in IL-4-stimulated human macrophages (M(IL-4)) was investigated using THP-1-derived macrophages and human monocyte-derived macrophages as models. Human M(IL-4) increased the expression of JAGGED1 and activated Notch signaling. Overexpression of Notch1 intracellular domain (NIC1) increased PPARγ expression, while inhibiting Notch signaling decreased PPARγ levels in M(IL-4). NIC1 overexpression in THP-1-derived macrophages increased PPARγ protein stability by delaying its proteasome-mediated degradation, but did not affect its mRNA. Phosphorylation of AKT was enhanced in NIC1 overexpressing cells, and a specific AKT inhibitor reduced the level of PPARγ. NIC1-overexpressing THP-1 cells exhibited increased CD36 levels via activation of PPARγ, resulting in enhanced intracellular lipid accumulation.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/azd9291.html  In summary, this study provides evidence linking Notch signaling and PPARγ via AKT in M(IL-4). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND In this paper, we present the intelligent system to characterize optically human skin; our proposal is a non-invasive way to obtain some parameters of the skin such as the concentration of hemoglobin, water percentages, and thickness of the layers of the skin. MATERIAL AND METHODS To achieve the objective of this work, we used an experimental technique called diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry and numerical calculations, such as the Monte Carlo method and the evolutionary algorithm Evonorm. RESULTS Five case studies were performed. In the first two cases with the Monte Carlo method, a simulated diffuse reflectance was obtained with proposed parameters in order to compare the parameters obtained by the evolutionary algorithm and the proposed parameters. In the rest of the cases, an experimental diffuse reflectance obtained from volunteers was used. CONCLUSIONS Numerical modeling was presented to non-invasively detect some parameters of the skin such as hemoglobin concentration, water percentages, and the thickness of the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis.