The current report highlights a subtype of cervical spine malformation with major atlo-axoidal malformation compromising spinal cord integrity. This distinctive mutation-specific pattern of malformation differs from Klippel-Feil syndrome and broadens the current classification, defining a sub-type of RIPPLY2-related skeletal disorder. Of note, the phenotype of one patient overlaps with oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum disorder. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND There is a lack of data concerning the use of robotic devices in more complex total hip arthroplasty (THA) cases, such as hip dysplasia, ankylosing spondylolysis, and post-traumatic arthritis. CASE PRESENTATION This case study presented three cases in which the Mako robotic device was used to help accurately implement the surgical plan. The operations went smoothly. The position and angle of the acetabular shells were placed as planned without any complications related to the operation. Postoperative Harris Hip Scores were good in two patients and poor in the patient with ankylosing spondylitis. Robotic-arm assisted surgery may be considered for complex THA cases in order to optimize the accuracy of the reconstruction, especially in the absence of conventional boney landmarks. © 2020 The Authors. Orthopaedic Surgery published by Chinese Orthopaedic Association and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.Aqueous palladium-catalyzed direct arylation polymerization (DArP) of 2-bromothiophene derivatives 6-(2-(2-bromothiophen-3-yl)ethoxy)hexyl trimethylammonium bromide (T1) and 4-(2-(2-bromothien-3-yl)ethoxy)butylsulfonate (T2) is achieved. The supporting ligand, triphenylphosphine-3,3',3''-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (m-TPPTs), facilitates DArP of both derivatives; however, its separation from the polymers by dialysis is difficult due to its strong aggregation in water and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). This is supported by dynamic light scattering, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and single-crystal X-ray crystallography.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/p22077.html  Pyrimidine-Pd(OAc)2 is utilized in the DArP of T1 to afford PT1 without ligand contamination. Density functional theory calculations to determine the coordinating capability of the carboxylate/pivalic acid/water to palladium indicate the viability of implementing DArP in water. Finally, polyelectrolyte molecular-weight overestimation by GPC in water is attributed to the polyelectrolyte effect. Aggregation of the conjugated polyelectrolytes leads to a contracted hydrodynamic volume, and the molecular weight and dispersity assessed by GPC in DMAc significantly deviate from the actual values. An objective approach to evaluate the molecular weight for conjugated polyelectrolytes requires further development. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.This work reports gold-catalyzed [4+3]-annulations of 2-(1-alkynyl)-2-alken-1-ones with anthranils to yield epoxybenzoazepine products with excellent exo-diastereoselectivity (dr > 251). The utility of this new gold catalysis is manifested by applicable substrates over a broad scope. More importantly, the enantioselective versions of these [4+3]-cycloadditions have been developed satisfactorily with chiral gold catalysts under ambient conditions (DCM, 0 °C); the ee levels range from 88.0-99.9%. With DFT calculations, we postulate a stepwise pathway to rationalize the preferable exo-stereoselection. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.The assembly of protein and inorganic nanoparticles represents an attractive approach to generate composite materials with multiple functions. Here, we report a strategy to functionalize inorganic nanoparticles with intrinsically disordered protein domains associated with the formation of membraneless compartments in cells. These protein sequences, defined as low complexity domains (LCDs), encode intermolecular interactions that drive highly controlled, dynamic self-assembly in response to environmental changes. We demonstrate that the properties of the LCDs can be transferred to inorganic nanoparticles, inducing controlled phase separation that exhibits dynamicity and stimulus-responsiveness to ionic strength and pH. Specifically, we hybridize magnetic nanoparticles with multi-domain proteins consisting of LCD domains and a globular enzyme, thereby generating dynamic protein-composite compartments with multiple functions. In addition to self-assembly in response to external magnetic fields and changes in solution conditions, we show that these composite microreactors locally confine hybrid chemo-enzymatic reactions. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Condamine et al. (2019; 22 1900-1912) fitted linear and exponential functions of time-dependent, diversity-dependent and temperature-dependent diversification to investigate diversification dynamics of tetrapod families. Here I highlight potential misinterpretations when using linear diversification dependencies and provide some clarifications. © 2020 The Author. Ecology Letters published by CNRS and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.We report on the discovery of norbornyl moiety as a novel structural motif for cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) inhibitors which was identified by screening a carbocyclic nucleoside analogue library. Three micromolar hits were expanded by the use of medicinal chemistry methods into a series of 16 novel compounds. They had prevailingly micromolar activities against CDK2 and the best compound of the series attained IC50 of 190 nM. The binding modes were explored in molecular details by modeling and docking. Quantum mechanics-based scoring was used to rationalize the affinities. In conclusion, the discovered 9-hydroxymethylnorbornyl moiety was shown by joint experimental-theoretical efforts to be able to serve as a novel substituent for CDK2 inhibitors. This finding opens door to the exploration of chemical space towards more effective derivatives targeting this important class of protein kinases. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Depression is common in women with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but objective markers of depression have not yet been explored in such patients. We hypothesized that inflammation and antioxidant biomarkers may be associated with depression in a cohort of OSA women. We conducted a multicentre, cross-sectional study in 247 women diagnosed with moderate-to-severe OSA. Depression was assessed by the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire (HAD-D) and defined as a score ≥11. Associations between tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plasma levels and depression were assessed. The women had a median (25th-75th percentiles) age of 58 (51-65) years, body mass index (BMI) of 33.5 (29.0-38.3) Kg/m2 , Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score of 10 (6-13) and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 33.3 (22.8-49.3). Logistic regression analyses revealed that only IL6 levels were associated with the presence of depression (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.