https://www.selleckchem.com/products/anlotinib-al3818.html Ethidium Bromide (Eth-Br) is an intercalating agent commonly used in medical and biological laboratories as a DNA staining dye. Despite its popular use, aqueous solutions containing Eth-Br showed high toxicity, mutagenic capacity, and deactivate DNA transcription. In this study, the removal of Eth-Br from aqueous solutions by gamma irradiation has been fully investigated. Gamma irradiation was capable of achieving a near complete removal of Eth-Br in neutral and non-buffered aqueous solutions at an absorbed dose of 15 kGy. Various experimental conditions were studied and showed that the removal efficiency is not diminished. The addition of hydrogen peroxide (2 %) to the irradiated solutions reduced the D50 and D90 by 50 %. Modeling Eth-Br decomposition showed that the reaction followed pseudo first-order kinetics and reaches at least 90 % removal under all experimental conditions. TOC and HPLC measurements confirmed that Eth-Br is fully mineralized when the absorbed dose reaches 15 kGy. The biological activity of Eth-Br after irradiation treatment was investigated with synthetic DNA and natural DNA. The biological activity of Eth-Br was deactivated at an absorbed dose as low as 5 kGy. Toxicity measurement with E-coli bacteria also confirmed that the absorbed dose of 5 kGy was sufficient to remove Eth-Br toxicity. In this paper, we propose an efficient simultaneous refractory organics degradation and electricity generation method for carbonate-containing wastewater based on carbonate radical reactions initiated by a BiVO4-Au/PVC (PVC photovoltaic cell) system. In the system, nanoporous BiVO4 film and Au modified PVC were used as photoanode and photocathode, respectively. HCO3- was used as the electrolyte. Carbonate radicals, which have lower recombination rates than hydroxyl radicals and strong oxidation abilities, can be generated easily by the capture reaction of hydroxyl radicals with HCO3-, which is one o