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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sn-001.html Lignocellulose is a promising raw material for the production of second-generation biofuels. In this study, the effects of acid-catalyzed liquid hot water (LHW) on pretreatment of corn stover (CS) for subsequent hydrolysis and conversion to ethanol were studied. The effects of reaction temperature, acid concentration, and residence time on glucose yield were evaluated using a response surface methodology. The optimal condition was 162.4 °C for 29.5 min with 0.45% v/v of sulfuric acid, leading to the maximum glucose yield of 91.05% from enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose-enriched fraction. Conversion of the solid fraction to ethanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation resulted in a theoretical ethanol yield of 93.91% based on digestible glucose. Scanning electron microscopy revealed disruption on the microstructure of the pretreated CS. Increases of crystallinity index and surface area of the pretreated biomass were observed along with alteration in the functional group profiles, as demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This work provides an insight into the effects of LHW on the enzymatic susceptibility and modification of the physicochemical properties of CS for further application on bioethanol production in biorefinery.Raw material identification (RMID) is necessary and important to fulfill the quality and safety requirements in the pharmaceutical industry. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a rapid, nondestructive, and commonly used analytical technique that could offer great advantages for RMID. In this study, two brand new similarity methods S1 and S2, which could reflect the similarity from the perspective of the inner product of the two vectors and the closeness with the cosine of the vectorial angle or correlation coefficient, were proposed. The ability of u and v factors to distinguish the difference between small peaks was investigated with the spectra of NIR. The result

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